scholarly journals CAR-T cell therapy followed by unrelated cord blood transplantation for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL in children and young adults: superior survival but relatively high posttransplant relapse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Sun ◽  
Baolin Tang ◽  
Xiang Wan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
Kaidi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cord Blood Transplantation ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Blood Transplantation ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Unrelated Cord Blood

Minimal Residual Disease Negative Complete Remissions Following Anti-CD22 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) in Children and Young Adults with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 650-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirali N Shah ◽  
Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson ◽  
Constance M. Yuan ◽  
Haneen Shalabi ◽  
Bonnie Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Abstract Background: Despite the success of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy for relapsed/refractory ALL, not all respond and CD19-negative escape has been observed. To overcome this problem and to test an alternative target, we developed an anti-CD22 CAR. Widely expressed on B-lineage leukemia and lymphomas, CD22 represents an ideal target. The primary objectives of this phase I dose escalation study were to determine the feasibility of producing anti-CD22 CAR cells and to assess the safety of administering escalating doses of anti-CD22-CAR T cells in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory CD22+ B cell malignancies. Secondary objectives include determination of anti-leukemia effects, measurement of persistence of anti-CD22 CAR T cells, and evaluation of cytokine profiles. We report interim results based on the first 9 enrolled subjects in this first-in-human testing of anti-CD22 CAR therapy. Design: Children and young adults with relapsed/refractory CD22+ hematologic malignancies were eligible. Study endpoints included toxicity, feasibility, and clinical responses. All enrolled subjects underwent autologous leukopheresis for peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cells were then CD3+ enriched and cultured in the presence of anti-CD3/-CD28 beads followed by lentiviral vector supernatant containing the anti-CD22 (M971BBz) CAR, with culture duration of 7-10 days. Subjects began lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine 25 mg/m2 on Days -4, -3 and -2 and cyclophosphamide 900 mg/m2 on day -2 followed by cell infusion on Day 0. Dose level 1(DL-1) started at 3 x 105 transduced T-cells/recipient weight (kg), with DL- 2 at 1 x 106transduced T cells/kg, respectively. Results: We report on outcomes for the first 9 subjects enrolled and treated. The median age was 20 years (range, 7-22 years), and all had CD22+ ALL. All 9 subjects had previously undergone at least one prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and 2 patients had received 2 prior transplants. Seven subjects had previously received treatment with anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy of whom 6 had a CD19 negative/dim antigen escape. All subjects had CD22 expression on > 99% of their malignancy, with a median site density of 2589 molecules per cell (range 846-13452). Dose-escalation was as follows: 6 subjects treated at DL-1 due to expansion at this level following DLT in the second subject with grade 3 diarrhea; 3 subjects treated at DL-2 without DLT. CAR expansion and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was seen in 6 patients with a maximum CRS grade 2. Anti-CD22 CAR cells were detected in the peripheral blood, CSF and bone marrow of all responders. Clinical responses were evaluated at day 28 (+/- 4 days). Four of 9 (44%) subjects evaluable for response attained a complete marrow remission, all of whom were MRD negative. This included all 3 subjects treated at the second dose level with a sustained remission at 3 months. Conclusions: This first-in-human anti-CD22 CAR T-cell therapy is safe, feasible and clinically active in patients with leukemia who have undergone prior CAR therapy. MRD negative complete remissions were seen in patients who were both CAR-naïve or had previously been treated with anti-CD19 CAR and were CD19 negative. Accrual is ongoing. Disclosures Lee: Juno: Honoraria. Mackall:NCI: Patents & Royalties: B7H3 CAR.

scholarly journals CAR-T Therapy Followed By Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation for the Treatment of Children and Young Adults Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell ALL: Superior Survival but Relatively High Post-Transplant Relapse

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4818-4818
Author(s):  
Guangyu Sun ◽  
Baolin Tang ◽  
Xiang Wan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
Kaidi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Cord Blood Transplantation ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Blood Transplantation ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Unrelated Cord Blood

Abstract Relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has poor long-term survival even after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Several studies supported that CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT is benefit for improving long-term leukemia free survival (LFS). Since probably a stronger graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect of unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT), it is uncertain whether consolidative UCBT is suitable for R/R B-ALL after CAR-T therapy. Here, we conducted a retrospective comparative study for R/R B-ALL patients receiving UCBT in our transplantation center. Totally 43 cases with R/R B-ALL who underwent UCBT were assigned to CAR-T group (patients achieved CR or CRi by CAR-T cell therapy before bridging to UCBT, n = 21) or non-remission (NR) group (n = 22). The median time from CAR-T infusion to UCBT was 62 (range, 42-185) days. All patients achieved neutrophil engraftment by day 42 in CAR-T group. The 180-day cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment was higher in CAR-T group than in NR group (90.5% vs 65.7%, P = 0.16). Incidence of grade II-IV and III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 28.6% and 23.8% in CAR-T group, which were both tendency lower than in NR group (45.5% and 31.8%, P = 0.32 and P = 0.63, respectively). No patient suffered from extensive chronic GVHD in CAR-T group, which was lower than in NR group (9.1%, P = 0.23). Lower 2-year cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM), and higher probabilities of 2-year overall survival, leukemia free survival (LFS), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) were found in CAR-T group (4.8% vs 28.2%; 75.0% vs 37.7%; 49.8% vs 23.0%; 42.4% vs 14.8%; P = 0.037, 0.005, 0.028 and 0.017; respectively). However, 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was comparably high between CAR-T and NR group (26.7% vs 38.3%; P = 0.41). CAR-T therapy followed by UCBT has a superior survival for R/R B-ALL, but remains relatively high post-transplant relapse rate. Prevention of relapse after UCBT is warranted in this patient cohort. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in patients with B cell malignancies: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Adeel ◽  
Nathan J. Fergusson ◽  
Risa Shorr ◽  
Harold Atkins ◽  
Kevin A. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Abstract Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has had great success in treating patients with relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies, with CD19-targeting therapies now approved in many countries. However, a subset of patients fails to respond or relapse after CD19 CAR T cell therapy, in part due to antigen loss, which has prompted the search for alternative antigen targets. CD22 is another antigen found on the surface of B cells. CARs targeting CD22 alone or in combination with other antigens have been investigated in several pre-clinical and clinical trials. Given the heterogeneity and small size of CAR T cell therapy clinical trials, systematic reviews are needed to evaluate their efficacy and safety. Here, we propose a systematic review of CAR T cell therapies targeting CD22, alone or in combination with other antigen targets, in B cell malignancies. Methods We will perform a systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Ongoing and completed clinical trials will be identified and cataloged. Interventional studies investigating CD22 CAR T cells, including various multi-antigen targeting approaches, in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies will be eligible for inclusion. Only full-text articles, conference abstracts, letters, and case reports will be considered. Our primary outcome will be a complete response, defined as absence of detectable cancer. Secondary outcomes will include adverse events, overall response, minimal residual disease, and relapse, among others. Quality assessment will be performed using a modified Institute of Health Economics tool designed for interventional single-arm studies. We will report a narrative synthesis of clinical studies, presented in tabular format. If appropriate, a meta-analysis will be performed using a random effects model to synthesize results. Discussion The results of the proposed review will help inform clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders of the risks and benefits of CD22 CAR T cell therapies. It will identify gaps or inconsistencies in outcome reporting and help to guide future clinical trials investigating CAR T cells. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020193027

scholarly journals Influence of TP53 Mutation on Survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the CAR T-Cell Era

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5592
Author(s):  
Edit Porpaczy ◽  
Philipp Wohlfarth ◽  
Oliver Königsbrügge ◽  
Werner Rabitsch ◽  
Cathrin Skrabs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Tp53 Mutation ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with poor outcome. The clinical behavior and genetic landscape of DLBCL is heterogeneous and still not fully understood. TP53 mutations in DLBCL have been identified as markers of poor prognosis and are often associated with therapeutic resistance. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is an innovative therapeutic concept and represents a game-changing therapeutic option by supporting the patient’s own immune system to kill the tumor cells. We investigated the impact of TP53 mutations on the overall survival of refractory/relapsed DLBCL patients treated with comparable numbers of therapy lines. The minimum number of therapy lines was 2 (median 4), including either anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy or conventional salvage therapy. A total of 170 patients with DLBCL and high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements (DHL/THL), diagnosed and treated in our hospital between 2000 and 2021, were included. Twenty-nine of them received CAR T-cell therapy. TP53 mutations were found in 10/29 (35%) and 31/141 (22%) of patients in the CAR T-cell and conventional groups, respectively. Among the 141 patients not treated with CAR T cells, TP53 mutation was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (median 12 months with TP53 vs. not reached without TP53 mutation, p < 0.005), but in the CAR T cell treated group, this significance could not be shown (median OS 30 vs. 120 months, p = 0.263). The findings from this monocentric retrospective study indicate that TP53 mutation status does not seem to affect outcomes in DLBCL patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy. Detailed evaluation in large cohorts is warranted.

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