A critical review on iodine presence in drinking water access at the Saharawi refugee camps (Tindouf, Algeria)

Purpose It is essential to provide drinking water to affected population directly after a disaster. The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimization methodology that helps in the distribution of drinking water in post-disaster situations. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted on two phases: phase 1 aims at identifying an appropriate way to deliver drinking water to refugee camps from external sources, considering required drinking water quantities and four possible sources of water with respect to cost and risk assessments. Phase 2 investigates drinking water distribution within a refugee camp using covering models. The MCLP–optimal number of facilities model is proposed to ensure that the water is distributed and delivered to all individuals in a camp with minimum number of water storage tanks required. A control policy is proposed to ensure the fair distribution of water to all targeted individuals. Findings Al-Za’atari refugee camp, located in northeast of Jordan, was considered as the case study for this research. The result showed that the appropriate way to deliver water to the camp is by using tanker–trucks, and a minimum number of five tanks are required to distribute water to individuals inside the camp with respect to tank locations and the allocation of tank of each area. Originality/value The proposed methodology is essential in decision making for the distribution of drinking water in refugee camps in short-term needs. The model adds important value to the literature as the proposed problem has no solution in the literature before.

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PO 8430 A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH TO PREDICTING DIARRHEA PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.95 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A36.3-A37

Author(s):

Oluwasegun Adetunde

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Oral Rehydration Salt ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

National Bureau ◽

Water Access ◽

Mortality Pattern ◽

Under Five ◽

Improved Sanitation ◽

Diarrhea Prevalence

BackgroundNigeria ranks second globally only behind India in under-five mortality prevalence. In Nigeria, 108.8 children die per 1000 live births before their 5th birthday. It is of note that diarrhoea (15.3% prevalence) is the second leading cause of under-five mortality in Nigeria after pneumonia. General poor hygiene and nutritional status are contributory factors to diarrhea.MethodsData was collected for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) using the weight for height z-value (WHZ) and/or oedema criteria. In addition, data on diarrhoea prevalence, oral rehydration salt therapy (ORST), improved source of drinking water and improved sanitation were collected. These were obtained for 36 states and federal capital territory (FCT) from the National Bureau of Statistics headquarters in FCT, Abuja for 2015. Correlation analysis was first carried out to determine relationships followed by geographically weighted regression analysis (GWR). GWR was used to predict under-five mortality pattern and accuracy mapped.ResultsObserved correlation coefficients to diarrhoea prevalence were 0.59,–0.49, −0.35 and −0.63 for SAM, ORST, improved drinking water access, and improved sanitation, respectively. R2 varied across states, though positive, from 0.29 in Akwa Ibom to 0.95 in Kebbi states. Standard deviation of residuals in the regression model ranged from −3.89 to 3.33 in Borno and Gombe states respectively, while Sokoto and Bauchi had 0.006 and 0.024 respectively, thus having the best accuracy in predictions across all states in the country. Both correlation and GWR were at p<0.05.ConclusionThe results obtained support literature, confirming the inverse relationship between ORST prevalence, improved drinking water access and improved sanitation to diarrhea prevalence. It also supports the already confirmed positive relationship between poor nutrition of children and susceptibility to diarrhoea. The study however expanded knowledge by incorporating geocomputation to predict diarrhoea prevalence.

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Critical Review of Adaptation Measures to Reduce the Vulnerability of European Drinking Water Resources to the Pressures of Climate Change

Environmental Management ◽

10.1007/s00267-019-01184-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 138-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Monica Garnier ◽

Ian Holman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Critical Review ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Drinking Water Resources

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Progress of the Research of Nitrogenous Disinfection By-Products Haloacetonitriles (HANs) in Drinking Water

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.374 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 535 ◽

pp. 374-382

Author(s):

Gui Lin He ◽

Cong Li ◽

Tu Qiao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Critical Review ◽

Removal Method ◽

By Products

The presence of Haloacetonitriles (HANs) in drinking water is of concern due to its high genotoxi-city and cytotoxicity compared with regulated DBPs. Moreover, a shift from chlorination to chlora-mination increased the products of HANs. This paper provides a critical review of the property, the toxicity and the removal method of HANs. Exploring effective method to remove HANs and its precursors is one of the developing direction.

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