A geophysical index to map alteration, permeability, and mechanical properties within volcanoes. Application to the soft volcanic rocks from Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand)

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

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Geotechnical characterisation of stratocone crater wall sequences, White Island Volcano, New Zealand

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.07.014 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 146-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Vicki Moon ◽

Jennifer Bradshaw ◽

Richard Smith ◽

Willem de Lange

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Crater Wall ◽

White Island

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II.—Note on the Recent Volcanic Eruption in New Zealand

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800467166 ◽

1886 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 398-402

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Early Morning ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Lake District ◽

Historic Period ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

The One ◽

Wide Zone ◽

White Island

The “Lake District” of the North Island is too well known to all students of volcanic phenomena, especially of that branch comprising hydrothermal action, to need a detailed description. It will be sufficient to say that it forms a belt, crossing the island from north-east to south-west, and forms a portion of the Middle and Upper Waikato Basins of Hochstetter. The district has been recently brought into prominent notice by the disastrous eruption of Mount Tarawera, very full accounts of which have appeared in New Zealand papers lately received. The eruption commenced in the early morning of Thursday, June 10th, but premonitory symptoms showed themselves a few days before in a tidal wave, three feet high, on Lake Tarawera, great uneasiness of the springs at Ohinemutu, and the reported appearance of smoke issuing from Euapehu, the highest of the great trachytic cones at the extreme south-westerly end of the system. The belt of activity extends from Mount Tongariro at the one end to White Island, in the Bay of Plenty, at the other, a distance of about 150 miles. White Island has undergone considerable change from volcanic action during recent years, and Tongariro was last in eruption in July, 1871; whilst its snowclad sister cone Euapehu has never manifested volcanic action within the historic period until now. This wide zone in the centre of the North Island has, ever since the arrival of the Maoris, been the scene of such extraordinary phenomena, that it has of late been the resort of visitors from all quarters of the globe.

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PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METAVOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE MOUNTAIN CRIMEA

Engineering Geology World ◽

10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-4-5-36-51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4-5) ◽

pp. 36-51

Author(s):

J. V. Frolova ◽

V. V. Ladygin ◽

E. M. Spiridonov ◽

G. N. Ovsyannikov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Low Grade ◽

Secondary Mineral ◽

Grade Metamorphism ◽

Clastic Rocks ◽

Metavolcanic Rocks ◽

Physical Density ◽

Characteristic Values

The article considers the petrogenetic features of the volcanogenic rocks of the Middle Jurassic age of the Mountain Crimea and analyzes their influence on physical (density, porosity, water absorption, and magnetic susceptibility) and physical-mechanical properties (strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson's ratio). Among volcanogenic strata there are subvolcanic, effusive and volcanogenic-clastic rocks. All volcanic rocks were altered under the influence of the regional low-grade metamorphism of the zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies, which resulted in a greenstone appearance. Among the secondary mineral the most common are albite, chlorite, quartz, adularia, sericite, calcite, pumpellyite, prenite, zeolites, epidote, sphene, and clay minerals. It is shown that low-grade metamorphism is characterized by heterogenious transformations: there are both slightly modified, practically fresh differences, and fully altered rocks. Tuffs are usually altered to a greater extent than effusive and subvolcanic rocks. In general, effusive and volcanogenic-clastic rocks differ markedly in their physicalmechanical properties, which is due to the peculiarities of their formation: the former are substantially more dense and stronger, less porous and compressible. However, these differences are leveled as a result of intensive changes in mineral composition and porosity in the process of low-grade metamorphism. The most characteristic values of metavolcanite properties were revealed. It is shown that among all studied parameters, the magnetic susceptibility most clearly correlates with the degree of rocks alteration.

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