Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

Download Full-text

New Zealand exports: Pseudosphaeroma Chilton, 1909 (Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae), a Southern Hemisphere genus introduced to the Pacific coast of North America

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1908.1.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1908 (1) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NIEL L. BRUCE ◽

REGINA WETZER

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

North America ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

San Francisco ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

First Record ◽

The Pacific ◽

First Time ◽

Coast Region

Collections made along the coast of California have revealed the presence of a species of Pseudosphaeroma Chilton, 1909, a genus common in New Zealand coastal waters. The genus is entirely Southern Hemisphere in distribution, and this record reports the introduction of a species of Pseudosphaeroma into the San Francisco and Central Coast region of California, the first reported occurrence of the genus as an invasive taxon, and the first record of the genus from the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is also recorded for the first time from the Galapagos and Argentina.

Download Full-text

The Tahitian Mission

Pacific Apostle ◽

10.5622/illinois/9780252042850.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 103-112

Author(s):

David O. McKay

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Zealand ◽

San Francisco ◽

South Pacific ◽

The United States ◽

French Polynesia ◽

The South ◽

Profound Impact ◽

Missionary Work ◽

The Pacific

McKay and Cannon’s unanticipated repose in the United States was bittersweet; the surprise of seeing loved ones momentarily alleviated their homesickness, yet both knew more than eight months would pass before they would reunite with their families. After returning to San Francisco, they resumed their journey to the South Pacific. They arrived in Papeete, French Polynesia, on April 9, 1921, for their tour of the Tahitian Mission, which included several islands across the Pacific. McKay and Cannon’s stay in Tahiti was brief; they spent only three days traveling through Papeete and Rarotonga before heading onward to New Zealand. The archipelago had a profound impact on McKay, who observed firsthand the challenges of missionary work, costly transportation, and the severity of the weather.

Download Full-text

Cytisine as an alternative smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand

Pacific Health Dialog ◽

10.26635/phd.2018.919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 89-95

Author(s):

Vili Nosa ◽

Kotalo Leau ◽

Natalie Walker

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

New Zealand ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Partial Agonist ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Pacific People ◽

The Pacific

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pacific people in New Zealand have one of the highest rates of smoking. Cytisine is a plant-based alkaloid that has proven efficacy, effectiveness and safety compared to a placebo and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. Cytisine, like varenicline, is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and blocks the rewarding effects of nicotine. Cytisine is naturally found in some plants in the Pacific region, and so may appeal to Pacific smokers wanting to quit. This paper investigates the acceptability of cytisine as a smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand, using a qualitative study design. Methods: In December 2015, advertisements and snowball sampling was used to recruit four Pacific smokers and three Pacific smoking cessation specialists in Auckland, New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews where undertaken, whereby participants were asked about motivations to quit and their views on smoking cessation products, including cytisine (which is currently unavailable in New Zealand). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with thematic analysis conducted manually. Findings: Pacific smokers reported wanting to quit for loved ones and family, but did not find currently available smoking cessation products effective. Almost all participants had not previously heard of cytisine, but many of the Pacific smokers were keen to try it. Participants identified with cytisine on a cultural basis (given its natural status), but noted that their use would be determined by the efficacy of the medicine, its cost, side-effects, and accessibility. They were particularly interested in cytisine being made available in liquid form, which could be added to a “smoothie” or drunk as a “traditional tea”. Participants thought cytisine should be promoted in a culturally-appropriate way, with packaging and advertising designed to appeal to Pacific smokers. Conclusions: Cytisine is more acceptable to Pacific smokers than other smoking cessation products, because of their cultural practices of traditional medicine and the natural product status of cytisine.

Download Full-text

Restructuring Canadian Business History: A Review EssayNORTH AMERICAN PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CONTINENTAL CONTEXT. W.T. Easter-brook. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xxviii, 272 pp.THE CANADIAN FUR TRADE IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. Arthur J. Ray. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xviii, 283 pp.TIMOTHY EATON AND THE RISE OF HIS DEPARTMENT STORE. Joy L. Santink. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xii, 319 pp.WORKING IN STEEL: THE EARLY YEARS IN CANADA, 1883-1935. Craig Heron. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1988. 223 pp.THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACIFIC SALMON CANNING INDUSTRY: A GROWN MANS GAME. Ed. and Intro. Dianne Newell. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1989. xvii, 303 pp.THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY OF THE CANADIAN GREAT LAKES. A.B. McCullough. Ottawa: Environment Canada/ Canadian Parks Service, 1989. 153 pp.IN WHOSE INTEREST? QUEBEC’S CAISSES POPULAIRES 1900 1945. Ronald Rudin. Montreal/Kingston:McGilTQueen’s University Press, 1990. xvii, 185 pp.CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND CANADIAN SOCIETY: POPULAR INSTITUTIONS AND THE DILEMMAS OF CHANGE. Ed. Murray E. Fulton. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. xiv, 345 pp.

Journal of Canadian Studies ◽

10.3138/jcs.26.4.169 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 169-178

Author(s):

Graham D. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Pacific Salmon ◽

Early Years ◽

Business History ◽

Commercial Fishery ◽

Environment Canada ◽

Canadian Society ◽

University Of Toronto ◽

Industrial Age ◽

The Pacific ◽

Canning Industry

Download Full-text

The characteristics of behaviour change interventions used among Pacific people: a systematic search and narrative synthesis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10420-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amio Matenga-Ikihele ◽

Judith McCool ◽

Rosie Dobson ◽

Fuafiva Fa’alau ◽

Robyn Whittaker

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Support ◽

New Zealand ◽

Behaviour Change ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Narrative Synthesis ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Behaviour Change Interventions ◽

Pacific People ◽

The Pacific

Abstract Background Pacific people living in New Zealand, Australia, United States, and the Pacific region continue to experience a disproportionately high burden of long-term conditions, making culturally contextualised behaviour change interventions a priority. The primary aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of behaviour change interventions designed to improve health and effect health behaviour change among Pacific people. Methods Electronic searches were carried out on OVID Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS databases (initial search January 2019 and updated in January 2020) for studies describing an intervention designed to change health behaviour(s) among Pacific people. Titles and abstracts of 5699 papers were screened; 201 papers were then independently assessed. A review of full text was carried out by three of the authors resulting in 208 being included in the final review. Twenty-seven studies were included, published in six countries between 1996 and 2020. Results Important characteristics in the interventions included meaningful partnerships with Pacific communities using community-based participatory research and ensuring interventions were culturally anchored and centred on collectivism using family or social support. Most interventions used social cognitive theory, followed by popular behaviour change techniques instruction on how to perform a behaviour and social support (unspecified). Negotiating the spaces between Eurocentric behaviour change constructs and Pacific worldviews was simplified using Pacific facilitators and talanoa. This relational approach provided an essential link between academia and Pacific communities. Conclusions This systematic search and narrative synthesis provides new and important insights into potential elements and components when designing behaviour change interventions for Pacific people. The paucity of literature available outside of the United States highlights further research is required to reflect Pacific communities living in New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific region. Future research needs to invest in building research capacity within Pacific communities, centering self-determining research agendas and findings to be led and owned by Pacific communities.

Download Full-text

The use of mechanical restraint in Pacific Rim countries: an international epidemiological study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020001031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

G. Newton-Howes ◽

M. K. Savage ◽

R. Arnold ◽

T. Hasegawa ◽

V. Staggs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Zealand ◽

International Comparisons ◽

The United States ◽

Pacific Rim ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Mechanical Restraint ◽

The Pacific ◽

Bed Days ◽

Compare And Contrast

Abstract Aims The use of mechanical restraint is a challenging area for psychiatry. Although mechanical restraint remains accepted as standard practice in some regions, there are ethical, legal and medical reasons to minimise or abolish its use. These concerns have intensified following the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Despite national policies to reduce use, the reporting of mechanical restraint has been poor, hampering a reasonable understanding of the epidemiology of restraint. This paper aims to develop a consistent measure of mechanical restraint and compare the measure within and across countries in the Pacific Rim. Methods We used the publicly available data from four Pacific Rim countries (Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United States) to compare and contrast the reported rates of mechanical restraint. Summary measures were computed so as to enable international comparisons. Variation within each jurisdiction was also analysed. Results International rates of mechanical restraint in 2017 varied from 0.03 (New Zealand) to 98.9 (Japan) restraint events per million population per day, a variation greater than 3000-fold. Restraint in Australia (0.17 events per million) and the United States (0.37 events per million) fell between these two extremes. Variation as measured by restraint events per 1000 bed-days was less extreme but still substantial. Within all four countries there was also significant variation in restraint across districts. Variation across time did not show a steady reduction in restraint in any country during the period for which data were available (starting from 2003 at the earliest). Conclusions Policies to reduce or abolish mechanical restraint do not appear to be effecting change. It is improbable that the variation in restraint within the four examined Pacific Rim countries is accountable for by psychopathology. Greater efforts at reporting, monitoring and carrying out interventions to achieve the stated aim of reducing restraint are urgently needed.

Download Full-text

Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/971756 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ross W. Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Spanish Colonial ◽

Important Indicator ◽

The Andes ◽

Early Colonial ◽

The Pacific ◽

Elite Status ◽

Set Up ◽

The City ◽

Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

Download Full-text

Puritan Lecturers and Anglican Clergymen during the Early Years of the English Civil Wars

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12010044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Youngkwon Chung

Keyword(s):

Civil Wars ◽

Early Phase ◽

Early Years ◽

British Isles ◽

Political Climate ◽

Set Up ◽

Base Of Support ◽

The City ◽

Urgent Necessity

During the early years of the Civil Wars in England, from February 1642 to July 1643, Puritan parishioners in conjunction with the parliament in London set up approximately 150 divines as weekly preachers, or lecturers, in the city and the provinces. This was an exceptional activity surrounding lectureships including the high number of lecturer appointments made over the relatively brief space of time, especially considering the urgent necessity of making preparations for the looming war and fighting it as well. By examining a range of sources, this article seeks to demonstrate that the Puritan MPs and peers, in cooperation with their supporters from across the country, tactically employed the institutional device of weekly preaching, or lectureships, to neutralize the influence of Anglican clergymen perceived as royalists dissatisfied with the parliamentarian cause, and to bolster Puritan and pro-parliamentarian preaching during the critical years of 1642–1643. If successfully employed, the device of weekly lectureships would have significantly widened the base of support for the parliament during this crucial period when people began to take sides, prepared for war, and fought its first battles. Such a program of lectureships, no doubt, contributed to the increasing polarization of the religious and political climate of the country. More broadly, this study seeks to add to our understanding of an early phase of the conflict that eventually embroiled the entire British Isles in a decade of gruesome internecine warfare.

Download Full-text