PETROPHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BURIED VOLCANIC ROCKS ON BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Saux ◽  
◽  
Brooke Carlson ◽  
Marlene C. Villeneuve ◽  
Samuel J. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Volcanic Rocks

scholarly journals PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METAVOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE MOUNTAIN CRIMEA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
J. V. Frolova ◽  
V. V. Ladygin ◽  
E. M. Spiridonov ◽  
G. N. Ovsyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Grade Metamorphism ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
Physical Density ◽  
Characteristic Values

The article considers the petrogenetic features of the volcanogenic rocks of the Middle Jurassic age of the Mountain Crimea and analyzes their influence on physical (density, porosity, water absorption, and magnetic susceptibility) and physical-mechanical properties (strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson's ratio). Among volcanogenic strata there are subvolcanic, effusive and volcanogenic-clastic rocks. All volcanic rocks were altered under the influence of the regional low-grade metamorphism of the zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies, which resulted in a greenstone appearance. Among the secondary mineral the most common are albite, chlorite, quartz, adularia, sericite, calcite, pumpellyite, prenite, zeolites, epidote, sphene, and clay minerals. It is shown that low-grade metamorphism is characterized by heterogenious transformations: there are both slightly modified, practically fresh differences, and fully altered rocks. Tuffs are usually altered to a greater extent than effusive and subvolcanic rocks. In general, effusive and volcanogenic-clastic rocks differ markedly in their physicalmechanical properties, which is due to the peculiarities of their formation: the former are substantially more dense and stronger, less porous and compressible. However, these differences are leveled as a result of intensive changes in mineral composition and porosity in the process of low-grade metamorphism. The most characteristic values of metavolcanite properties were revealed. It is shown that among all studied parameters, the magnetic susceptibility most clearly correlates with the degree of rocks alteration.

Combining ExoMars’ Ma_MISS and Drill data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Frigeri ◽  
Maria Cristina De Sanctis ◽  
Francesca Altieri ◽  
Simone De Angelis ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Geophysical Imaging

<p>The ExoMars Rover and Surface Platform planned for launch in 2022 is a large international cooperation between the European Space Agency and Roscosmos with a scientific contribution from NASA.  Thales Alenia Space is the ExoMars mission industrial prime contractor. </p> <p>Besides sensors and instruments characterizing the surface at large scale, the ExoMars’ rover Rosalind Franklin payload features some experiments devoted specifically to the characterization of the first few meters of the Martian subsurface. These experiments are particularly critical for the main ExoMars objective of detecting traces of present or past life forms on Mars, which may have been preserved within the shallow Martian underground [1].</p> <p>Rosalind Franklin will be able to perform both non-invasive geophysical imaging of the underground [2] and subsurface <em>in situ</em> measurements thanks to the Drill unit installed on the rover. The Drill has been developed by Leonardo and its purposes are 1) to collect core samples to be analyzed in the Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD) onboard the Rover and 2) to drive the miniaturized spectrometer Ma_MISS within the borehole.   </p> <p>Ma_MISS (Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies, [3]) will collect mineralogic measurements from the rocks exposed into the borehole created by the Drill with a spatial resolution of 120 μm down to 2 meters into the Martian subsurface.</p> <p>Rocks are composed of grains of minerals, and their reaction to an applied stress is related to the mechanical behavior of the minerals that compose the rock itself. The mechanical properties of a mineral depend mainly on the strength of the chemical bonds, the orientation of crystals, and the number of impurities in the crystal lattice.</p> <p>In this context, the integration of Ma_MISS measurements and drill telemetry are of great importance.  The mechanical properties of rocks coupled with their mineralogic composition provide a rich source of information to characterize the nature of rocks being explored by ExoMars rover’s drilling activity.</p> <p>Within our study, we are starting to collect telemetry recorded during the Drill unit tests on several samples ranging from sedimentary to volcanic rocks with varying degrees of weathering and water content.  In this first phase of the study, we focused our attention on the variation of torque and penetration speed between different samples, which have been found to be indicative of a particular type of rock or group of rocks and their water content.  </p> <p>We are planning to analyze the same rocks with the Ma_MISS breadboard creating the link between the mineralogy and the mechanical response of the Drill.      </p> <p>This will put the base for a more comprehensive and rich characterization of the <em>in situ</em> subsurface observation by Rosalind Franklin planned at Oxia Planum, Mars in 2023. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments: </strong>We thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for developing the ExoMars Project, ROSCOSMOS and Thales Alenia Space for rover development, and Italian Space Agency (ASI) for funding the Ma_MISS experiment (ASI-INAF contract n.2017-48-H.0 for ExoMars MA_MISS phase E/science).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[1] Vago et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7. [2] Ciarletti et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7. [3] De Sanctis et al., 2017. Astrobiology, 17 6-7.</p>

Seismic expression and geomorphology of igneous bodies: A Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. SK121-SK140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennon Infante-Paez ◽  
Kurt J. Marfurt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Seismic Geomorphology ◽  
Carbonate Buildups ◽  
Oil Flow

Very little research has been done on volcanic rocks by the oil industry due to the misconception that these rocks cannot be “good reservoirs.” However, in the past two decades, significant quantities of hydrocarbons have been produced from volcanic rocks in China, New Zealand, and Argentina. In frontier basins, volcanic piles are sometimes misinterpreted to be hydrocarbon anomalies and/or carbonate buildups. Unlike clastic and carbonate systems, the 3D seismic geomorphology of igneous systems is only partially documented. We have integrated 3D seismic data, well logs, well reports, core data, and clustering techniques such as self-organizing maps to map two distinct facies (pyroclastic and lava flows), within a Miocene submarine volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Three wells; Kora-1–3 drilled the pyroclastic facies within the volcano encountering evidence of a petroleum system, whereas the Kora-4 well drilled the lava-flow facies, which was barren of hydrocarbons. By integrating results from geochemistry and basin modeling reports prepared for Crown Mineral, New Zealand, we concluded that the reason that Kora-4 was dry was due to a lack of source charge — not to the absence of reservoir quality. Moreover, the Kora-1 well drilled a thick sequence (>[Formula: see text]) of pyroclastic flows in this submarine volcano by chance and found high peaks of gas in the mudlogs near the top 25 m of this sequence. A long-term test in this upper volcanic section resulted in 32 API oil flow of 668 barrels of oil per day for 254 h — a result that challenges the misconception that volcanic rocks cannot be good reservoirs.

scholarly journals The Petrogenesis of Mid-Cretaceous Continental  Intraplate Volcanism in Marlborough, New Zealand,  during the Break-up of Gondwana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Joseph McCoy-West
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Volcanic Material

<p>The Lookout Volcanics are the remnants of an extensive sheet of mid-Cretaceous (ca. 96 Ma) continental intraplate volcanic rocks erupted just prior to the rifting of New Zealand from Gondwana. Preserved in a fault angle depression bounded by the Awatere Fault located in Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand, the volcanic rocks cover an area of ca. 50 km2 with exposed thicknesses up to 1000 m. On the basis of stratigraphic evidence the dominantly terrestrial lavas flows are inferred to have erupted from dykes of a coeval radial dyke swarm. A detailed sampling of the lava flows of the Lookout Volcanics has been undertaken with a ca. 700 m composite stratigraphic section being constructed, largely based on a continuous sequence of lava flows outcropping in Middlehurst Stream. New Rb-Sr age constraints for the Lookout Volcanics (97.6 plus or minus 3.4 Ma) and Blue Mountain Igneous Complex (97.1 plus or minus 0.7 Ma) are consistent with previous radiometric dates of plutonic complexes in the Central Marlborough Igneous Complex, and suggest a rapid accumulation of volcanic material from ca. 98-96 Ma during the initial extension of proto-New Zealand. The predominantly mafic and alkaline samples include basalt, picrobasalt, basanite, trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite rock types. No samples represent primary magmas with all samples having undergone fractionation (or accumulation) of olivine plus clinopyroxene plus or minus plagioclase plus or minus Fe-Ti oxides. Initial Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic variations (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7030-0.7039; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51272-0.51264; 176Hf/177Hf = 0.28283-0.28278; 206Pb/204Pb = 20.32-18.82) reflect mixing between melts of a HIMUlike mantle component with up to 25-30% of an Early Cretaceous upper crustal component. Oxygen isotope ratios determined by laser fluorination analysis from 6 lava flows yielded delta 18O = 4.7-5.0 per thousand for olivine, 4.8-5.4 per thousand in clinopyroxene cores, 3.9-5.5 per thousand in clinopyroxene rims. Average olivine (4.8 per thousand) and clinopyroxene core (5.1 per thousand) values are 0.4-0.5 per thousand lower than those of average mantle peridotite but comparable to those of HIMU OIB, and are consistent with New Zealand intraplate magmas being generated by a low delta 18O mantle. However, oxygen isotopic disequilibrium between clinopyroxene cores and rims (Delta 18O = -1.4 to +0.3) records the overprinting of this signature by crustal processes. Negative disequilibrium between clinopyroxene rims and cores in primitive samples suggests these phenocrysts grew in a shallow crustal magma chamber with an active meteoric water system. The effects of crustal assimilation can also be observed with clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the most evolved sample exhibiting coupled elevated delta 18O and 87Sr/86Sr. Variations in incompatible trace element ratios are consistent with the Lookout Volcanics being the small degree (2-5%) partial melts of an amphibole-bearing garnet pyroxenite. Furthermore, the elevated NiO contents of olivine phenocrysts are consistent with melting of a pyroxenitic mantle source. The presence of residual amphibole constrains melting to the hydrous subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The Lookout Volcanics and coeval plutonic complexes are the oldest occurrences of HIMU magmatism in Zealandia. This source was generated by small degree silicate melts from recycled oceanic lithosphere that metasomatised the base of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath East Gondwana over 200 Ma ago.</p>

The nature of ‘ameletite’

1967 ◽  
Vol 36 (279) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
J. F. G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Aluminium Silicate

SummaryOriginally described in phonolitic rocks from the Dunedin district, New Zealand, ameletite was considered by Marshall (1929) to be a chlorine-bearing sodium aluminium silicate, probably a feldspathoid, and later, a zeolite of unspecified composition. Optical, X-ray, and chemical data on several ‘ameletite’-bearing felsic volcanic rocks from the type area indicate that material previously designated as ameletite is variously nepheline and mixtures of sodalite, analcime, phillipsite, and nepheline. Criteria thought to be characteristic of ameletite are discussed.

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