Determination of coagulant dosages for process control using online UV-vis spectra of raw water

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 102526
Author(s):  
Zhining Shi ◽  
Christopher W.K. Chow ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Jixue Liu ◽  
Emma Sawade ◽  
...  
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2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Bosire ◽  
J. C. Ngila ◽  
H. Parshotam

The extraction and determination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids as well as their influence on the aromaticity and molecularity relationship of natural organic matter (NOM) in water are reported in this study. Three solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were used and their extraction efficiencies evaluated after chromatographic determinations (using gas chromatography with a time of flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCD)). More than 42 carboxylic acids were identified in raw water from the Vaal River, which feeds the Lethabo Power Generation Station, South Africa, with cooling water. The aromatic carboxylic acid efficiency (28%) was achieved by using Strata™X SPE while the highest aliphatic carboxylic acid efficiency (92.08%) was achieved by silica SPE. The hydrophobic nature of NOM in water depends on the nature of organic compounds in water, whether aromatic or aliphatic. The LC-OCD was used to assess the hydrophobicity levels of NOM as a function of these carboxylic acids in cooling water. The LC-OCD results showed that the aromatic nature of NOM in SPE filtered water followed the order Silica>Strata X>C-18. From the results, the hydrophobicity degree of the samples depended on the type and number of carboxylic acids that were removed by the SPE cartridges.


2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2651-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zazouli ◽  
S. Nasseri . ◽  
A.H. Mahvi . ◽  
A.R. Mesdaghinia . ◽  
M. Younecian . ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori SATI ◽  
Yoshiaki KAKINO ◽  
Atsushi MATSUBARA ◽  
Makoto FUJISHIMA ◽  
Isao NISHIURA ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal M. Patel ◽  
Takayuki Doen ◽  
Michael J. Pikal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Kassahun Dejene Belayneh ◽  
Khalid Siraj ◽  
Mengesha Tigist

The quality of drinking water in Ethiopia is an influential environmental factor of health and water can use as a medium for disease transmission in countries on all continents; all are affected from the poorest to the richest. Moreover, in our globe millions of people are unprotected to unsafe concentration of chemical pollutants in the drinking water. Dichlorohenols are considered as key water pollutants that are destructive to creatures at stumpy concentrations and many of them have been clustered as detrimental pollutants because of their probable to damage human health even in low concentration. This research aimed to determine phenolic compounds from drinking water of Jimma town which is found south west of Ethiopia, by using 4-Aminoantipyridine (AAP). The sample of drinking water before and after treatment was collected for determination of pollutants which classified as raw water (RW), treated water (TW) and system distributed water (SDW). The sample of water was preserved by phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid under pH 4 and distillation was carried out in order to remove sulfur containing compounds by addition of CuSO4 solution. In the analysis of water using 4-Aminoantipyrine the treated water and the system distributed water have been contained 2.73 ppb and 3.64 ppb which had more phenolic compounds as compared to raw water of 1.18 ppb. Therefore, the existence of phenolic compound in both treated and system distributed water of Jimma town drinking water has more phenolic compounds as compared to the permissible level of both Ethiopian Standard, 2 ppb and EPA Standards, 1 ppb.


2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yapsaklı ◽  
Ferhan Çeçen

The original BDOC procedure requires the use of indigenous bacteria as a seed. Most of the time in original water samples either bacteria are insufficient in numbers or the diversity is not enough to reflect the biodegradable part of DOC. In this study, instead of using the water sample itself as an inoculum as in the original BDOC test, the bacteria originating from the Ömerli reservoir in İstanbul were acclimated in a suspended growth system to remove readily and slowly biodegradable DOC fractions from the reservoir water. This modified BDOC procedure was first tested on standard acetate solutions and later on raw and ozonated waters of the Ömerli reservoir. Additionally, the results of the modified procedure were compared with the original one by also testing the effectiveness of the indigenous seed from the reservoir. In order to determine the most suitable inoculum amount in the modified BDOC procedure, different seeding ratios like 1:100, 1:250 and 1:500 (v/v) were tested. In both raw water and ozonated waters, higher BDOC readings were achieved at a seeding ratio of 1:100 than the original procedure. The results showed that the modified procedure resulted in more accurate results compared to the original one and that using an acclimated culture can bring an improvement in BDOC measurement.


2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
A. Kerneis ◽  
A. Déguin ◽  
M. Feinberg

The purpose of this study is to select a process control parameter for monitoring microbial regrowth in a network and to develop a more accurate and relevant quality control of supply water. Two parameters were examined as potential process control parameters: the water residence time in the network and the concentration of biodegradable organic matter. Residence time calculations were carried out and validated by tracer studies in a branched network and then in a simply looped network. The measurement of the natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) consumption in the network was preferred to the determination of any in vitro biodegradation. The measurement of consumption requires the determination of DOC in treated water and in supply water. It is simpler and less expensive than other biodegradable organic matter determinations. A model for colony counts as a function of the residence time was developed in order to demonstrate that this parameter can be used for process controlling. This model was very well adjusted to data collected in a network in winter, spring and summer. This process control parameter was then used in order to locate and estimate the quantity of water whose colony counts exceed the European directive guide level. Accurate correlation measurements between colony counts and DOC consumed in the network were carried out in three distinct systems. No significant correlations were measured. For these three networks, biodegradable organic matter measurements based on DOC determinations were demonstrated to be unreliable process control parameters for monitoring bacterial regrowth.


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