Antibiotic use for empirical therapy in the critical care units in primary and secondary hospitals in Vietnam: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.

Download Full-text

Predictors of moral harassment in nursing work in critical care units

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Luana Silva de Sousa ◽

Roberta Meneses Oliveira ◽

Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos Santiago ◽

Érika da Silva Bandeira ◽

Yane Carmem Ferreira Brito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Critical Care Units ◽

Young Professionals ◽

Work Related ◽

Emergency Units ◽

Nursing Professionals ◽

Negative Acts

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the predictors of moral harassment in nursing work in critical care units. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, with 167 nursing professionals in 2016. Sociodemographic/occupational questionnaire and Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised were applied. The analysis included descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Conover Inman U-tests for multiple comparisons. Results: there was a 33% prevalence of self-perception of moral harassment, highlighting personal/professional disqualification and work-related harassment. The predictors of moral harassment included age, time working in the job and time in the unit, employment relationship and sector. Conclusions: young professionals (< 30 years), cooperative, crowded in intensive care or emergency units, with less time working in the job (< 5 years) or greater time in the unit (above 10 years) are the biggest victims of moral harassment in the work of nursing in critical environments.

Download Full-text

Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6040103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oumar Bassoum ◽

Ndèye Sougou ◽

Mayassine Diongue ◽

Mamadou Lèye ◽

Mouhamad Mbodji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary.

Download Full-text

Public awareness regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics: A cross-sectional study among Nepalese adults in Kathmandu valley

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v6i3.19823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Satish Kumar Deo ◽

Sita Rijal ◽

Tulza K.C

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Study Finding ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interview Method ◽

Drug Classes

Background: Antibiotics are considered to be among the most commonly sold drug classes globally. Antibiotic resistance is a recognized public health issue at the local, national and global levels.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify awareness of general public regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu in November 2016 using a quantitative questionnaire among 120 adult people aged 20–60 years. Convenience sampling method was used and information on use of antibiotics and resistance was obtained using semi-structured questionnaire through interview method. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the respondent’s level of awareness regarding use of antibiotics and resistance.Results: Among the total respondents, majority had incorrect awareness as regards to action, reasons for using antibiotics, possible side effects of the antibiotic. Seventy one percent of the respondents had not heard about antibiotic resistance. The study finding showed that about 66.7% of the participants had inadequate awareness towards use and resistance of antibiotics.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the overall awareness on antibiotic use and resistance is poorly understood among our respondents. This information can be utilized in future educational and antibiotic resistance awareness raising campaigns.

Download Full-text

Personal characteristics, coping strategies, and resilience impact on compassion fatigue in critical care nurses: A cross‐sectional study

Nursing and Health Sciences ◽

10.1111/nhs.12650 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 20-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jalal Alharbi ◽

Debra Jackson ◽

Kim Usher

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Compassion Fatigue ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Download Full-text

Factors influencing non-prescription sales of antibiotics among patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Kano, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Health Policy and Planning ◽

10.1093/heapol/czaa052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 819-828

Author(s):

Abdu A Adamu ◽

Muktar A Gadanya ◽

Rabiu I Jalo ◽

Olalekan A Uthman ◽

Charles S Wiysonge

Keyword(s):

Complex Dynamics ◽

Health Workers ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retail Outlets ◽

Training Programmes ◽

Multilevel Logistic Regression Model ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) increase access to antibiotics through non-prescription sales in their drug retail outlets. This fosters irrational antibiotic use among people, thus contributing to the growing burden of resistance. Although training programmes on antibiotic use and resistance exist, they have disproportionately targeted health workers in hospital settings. It’s unclear if there is a relationship between such trainings and non-prescription sales of antibiotics among PPMVs which are more embedded in communities. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit the determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales among PPMVs in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Through brainstorming, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were used to illustrate the dynamics of factors that are responsible for non-prescription antibiotic sales. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription antibiotic sales, after controlling for potential confounders. We found that two-third (66.70%) of the PPMVs reported that they have sold non-prescribed antibiotics. A total of three CLDs were constructed to illustrate the complex dynamics of the factors that are related to non-prescription antibiotic sales. After controlling for all factors, PPMVs who reported that they had never received any training on antibiotic use and resistance were twice as more likely to sell antibiotic without prescription compared with those who reported that they have ever received such training (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.27–3.37). This finding suggests that there is an association between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription sales of antibiotics. However, the complex dynamics of the factors should not be ignored as it can have implications for the development of intervention programmes. Multifaceted and multicomponent intervention packages (incorporating trainings on antibiotic use and resistance) that account for the inherent complexity within the system are likely to be more effective for this setting.

Download Full-text