Exposure to negative acts at work and self-labelling as a victim of workplace bullying: The role of prior victimization from bullying

The present study examines employees’ prior victimization from bullying in school or at work as a predictor of 1) their current exposure to negative social acts at work and 2) the likelihood of labelling as a victim of workplace bullying, and 3) whether the link between exposure to negative acts at work and the perception of being bullied is stronger among those who have been bullied in the past. We tested our hypotheses using a probability sample of the Norwegian working population in a prospective design with a 5-year time lag (N = 1228). As hypothesized, prior victimization positively predicted subsequent exposure to negative acts, which in turn was related to a higher likelihood of developing a perception of being a victim of workplace bullying. However, contrary to our expectations, prior victimization from bullying did not affect the relationship between current exposure to negative acts at work and the likelihood of self-labelling as a victim. Taken together, the results suggest that employees’ prior victimization is a risk factor for future victimization, yet overall plays a rather modest role in understanding current exposure to negative acts and self-labelled victimization from bullying at work.

PERAN ORANG TUA DAN GURU PAI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PENGENDALIAN DIRI SISWA

In adolescence precisely puberty. Teens suffer hard times, so need for an effort to teenagers to be able to control yourself from negative acts. The aim of this study was to determine the role of parents and teachers to build on students' pengendalian diri. The theory used is the role of theory. The basic perspective of this theory is that behavior is shaped by the roles assigned by society for individuals to carry it out. and the theory of social interaction. According to Goffman that one of the basic rules of social intearksi is a commitment of mutual reciprocity between the individuals involved regarding the role (role) to be played. This research is qualitative with case study approach in SMPN 4 Pandeglang. As the sample of the research are the students of class VIII which are taken 3 categories based on the students' achievement, discipline, and behavior in each class, that is Baik, Midle, Kurang, The next sample is parents of the studied student, and PAI teacher at SMP N 4 Pandeglang. In collecting the data the researchers used the method of observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this study indicate the existence of truth theory with facts that occur in the field, namely students who belong to the category Kurang. Not get the role of her parents, some are due to divorce factors, living with grandparents, living in boarding schools, and others. In this study the contributing parties include: PAI Teachers SMPN 4 PAndeglang, Students / Students Class VIII SMPN 4 Pandeglang, and Parents of students of Class VIII SMPN 4 Pandeglang.Keywords: Parents, PAI Teachers and Self Control

Teacher Workplace Bullying: How Pervasive is the Problem?

Bullying in schools is a national problem receiving much needed attention. Teacher workplace bullying is a lesser known but equally debilitating problem. Our purpose in doing this study is to examine the problem of teacher workplace bullying and its effect on teachers, students, and schools. We surveyed 173 general and special education teachers to determine the extent that teachers report workplace bullying by other teachers and administrators. We used the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised to examine three constructs of workplace bullying—personal, work-related, and physical intimidation. We also examined differences in self-reported workplace bullying between general and special education teachers. Results suggest special education teachers reported a significantly high level of workplace bullying compared with general education teachers. Unsatisfactory administrative support was the most significant factor contributing to workplace dissatisfaction overall. We offer possible starting points to deal with the problem and discuss implications for teachers, students, and the field.

Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

The present study expands the existing literature and supplements today’s knowledge on the relationship between personal, psychosocial and lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms among adolescents. The study aimed to investigate the variety of depressive symptoms predictors—personal resources, adverse school and family, health, lifestyle-related (sense of coherence, self-esteem, school involvement, negative acts at school, family stress and violence, psychosomatic health complaints, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) as well as gender, employing hierarchical linear regression analysis in a large representative sample of adolescents (N = 2212) in Kaunas, Lithuania. Four blocks of predictors were employed in hierarchical linear regression analysis. In the final model 64.9% of depressive symptoms were explained by all the predictors. Sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms (standardized regression coefficient β = −605, p < 0.001 in the first model and β = −263, p < 0.001 in the final model after adjustment for all other independent variables) and accounted for 36.6% of variance. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that depressive symptoms among adolescents have multifactorial origins with many predictors showing significant effect seizes. Therefore, high sense of coherence and self-esteem, school involvement, higher levels of physical activity would be protective and influence lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Exposure to negative acts at school and negative experiences in the family, psychosomatic health complaints, smoking would increase the probability of depressive symptoms. Girls are more prone to depression as compared to boys.

Identification of Workplace Bullying: Reliability and Validity of Indonesian Version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R)

Bullying can pose a risk to health and safety, including the risk for damage to the emotional, psychosocial, mental, or physical health of employees in the workplace. Since bullying has a detrimental impact on victims and organizations, several studies on this issue had been conducted using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), which is one of the most widely used tools to assess and minimize the occurrence of workplace bullying. However, this tool has not been validated for the Indonesian contexts. In this study, the author tested the reliability and constructed validity of the Indonesian version of NAQ-R. A total of 3140 participants were recruited in this study from various companies from different industries. NAQ-R, Psychosocial Distress (K10), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administrated through an online survey. The results showed that 22 items yielded three model factors, i.e., person-related bullying, work-related bullying, and intimidation towards a person. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the total and sub-scales of the Indonesian NAQ-R was acceptable, ranging from 0.721 to 0.897. This study confirmed that the Indonesian version of NAQ-R has an internal consistency reliability, and the concurrent and construct validity are at acceptable levels. Thus, this tool can be used as the screening instrument in assessing workplace bullying.

Predictors of moral harassment in nursing work in critical care units

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the predictors of moral harassment in nursing work in critical care units. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, with 167 nursing professionals in 2016. Sociodemographic/occupational questionnaire and Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised were applied. The analysis included descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Conover Inman U-tests for multiple comparisons. Results: there was a 33% prevalence of self-perception of moral harassment, highlighting personal/professional disqualification and work-related harassment. The predictors of moral harassment included age, time working in the job and time in the unit, employment relationship and sector. Conclusions: young professionals (< 30 years), cooperative, crowded in intensive care or emergency units, with less time working in the job (< 5 years) or greater time in the unit (above 10 years) are the biggest victims of moral harassment in the work of nursing in critical environments.

What Happens to Bad Actors in Organizations? A Review of Actor-Centric Outcomes of Negative Behavior

Negative workplace behavior has received substantial research attention over the past several decades. Although we have learned a lot about the consequences of negative behavior for its victims and third-party observers, a less understood but equally important research question pertains to the consequences for bad actors: How does engaging in negative behavior impact one’s thoughts, feelings, and subsequent behaviors? Moreover, do organizational members experience costs or benefits from engaging in negative acts? We address these questions with an integrative review of empirical findings on various actor-centric consequences of a wide range of negative behaviors. We organize these findings into five dominant theoretical perspectives: affective, psychological-needs, relational, psychological-resources, and cognitive-dissonance perspectives. For each perspective, we provide an overview of the theoretical arguments, summarize findings of relevant studies underlying it, and discuss observed patterns and contradictory findings. By doing so, we provide a very tentative answer to our initial questions, contending that engaging in negative acts is a two-edged sword for actors and its costs seem to slightly prevail over its benefits. Nevertheless, we make this preliminary conclusion based upon an incomplete knowledge base. In order to further our understanding of actor-centric outcomes of negative behavior, we also identify several important research gaps and needed future research directions.