The role of SOX18 in bladder cancer and its underlying mechanism in mediating cellular functions

Life Sciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 116614
Author(s):  
Yin Huaqi ◽  
Qin Caipeng ◽  
Wang Qiang ◽  
Du Yiqing ◽  
Xu Tao
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Functions

scholarly journals HPV-positive head and neck cancer derived exosomal miR-9 induces M1 macrophage polarization and increases tumor radiosensitivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjia Tong ◽  
Siwei Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Xie ◽  
Bingqing Yan ◽  
Lianhao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
M1 Phenotype

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiological risk factor for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HPV+ HNSCC is significant more radiosensitive than HPV-HNSCC, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Tumor microenvironment can affect tumor response to radiation therapy. Cancer secreted exosomes are emerging as crosstalk mediators between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The main objectives of this study were to determine the role of HPV+ HNSCC-derived exosomes in increased radiation sensitivity. Here, we found that exosomes derived from HPV+ HNSCC cells activate macrophages into the M1 phenotype, which then increases the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. miR-9 was enriched in exosomes released from HPV+ HNSCC cells and it could be transported to macrophages, leading to altered cellular functions. Overexpression of miR-9 in macrophages induced polarization into the M1 phenotype via downregulation of PPARδ. Increased radiosensitivity was observed for HNSCC cells co-cultured with macrophages in which miR-9 was upregulated or treated with M1 macrophages. These observations suggest that HPV+ HNSCC cells secrete miR-9-rich exosomes, which then polarize macrophages into M1 phenotype and lead to increased radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells. Hence, miR-9 may be a potential treatment strategy for HNSCC.Statement of significanceHPV+ HNSCC through the release of miR-9-rich exosomes polarize macrophages into M1 phenotype and lead to increased radiosensitivity of HNSCC.

scholarly journals The Role of MiR-124 in Bladder Cancer – A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Costin Petcu ◽  
Catalin Baston ◽  
Emil Angelescu ◽  
Maria Mirela Iacob ◽  
Ileana Constantinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Normal Urothelium

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNA molecules that have an important role in modulating the expression of genes involved in regulating cellular functions. A growing number of studies suggest the abnormal expression of microRNAs in different types of cancer cells. MiRNA-124 is a microRNA that is down-regulated in many types of cancer cells, including bladder cancer. Our objective is to provide a review of the key publications that studied the effect of miR-124 on bladder cancer. This review focus on the targets and different pathways of miR-124 that were identified in various studies and differences between their expressions in normal urothelium and tumor tissues. We also include data regarding urinary methylations levels of miR-124 and their role in bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Subsequently, we establish future perspectives of miR-124 research and its promising role in bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Microcephaly-Related Gene MCPH1

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Martina Kristofova ◽  
Alessandro Ori ◽  
Zhao-Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Dna Damage Signaling

MCPH1, or BRIT1, is often mutated in human primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a smaller brain size at birth, due to its dysfunction in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of neuroprogenitor cells. In the last 20 years or so, genetic and cellular studies have identified MCPH1 as a multifaceted protein in various cellular functions, including DNA damage signaling and repair, the regulation of chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, centrosome activity and the metabolism. Yet, genetic and animal model studies have revealed an unpredicted essential function of MPCH1 in gonad development and tumorigenesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. These studies have begun to shed light on the role of MPCH1 in controlling various pathobiological processes of the disorder. Here, we summarize the biological functions of MCPH1, and lessons learnt from cellular and mouse models of MCPH1.

792: Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenic Potential of Bladder Cancer Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 214-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cho ◽  
Xiao Fang Ha ◽  
J. Andre Melendez ◽  
Louis J. Giorgi ◽  
Badar M. Mian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4659-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Fani ◽  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Nastaran Khodadad ◽  
Hadis Langari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

scholarly journals Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts derived exosomes modulate breast cancer cell stemness through exonic circHIF1A by miR-580-5p in hypoxic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Zhan ◽  
Junxian Du ◽  
Zhihui Min ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Array Analysis ◽  
Cancer Stroma ◽  
Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts

AbstractHypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors. The roles of exosomes from hypoxic breast cancer stroma are less studied. So, the study was aimed to investigate the role of exosomes from hypoxic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) cells in breast cancer. The circRNA array analysis was performed to screen differential expressed circRNAs between hypoxic and normoxic CAFs exosomes. Candidate circHIF1A (circ_0032138) was screened out and it was confirmed that circHIF1A was up-regulated in the exosomes from hypoxic CAFs and their exosomes. Through investigating cellular functions including cell proliferation and stem cell features, it was demonstrated that hypoxic CAFs exosomes transferred circHIF1A into breast cancer cells, which played an important role in cancer stem cell properties sponging miR-580-5p by regulating CD44 expression. In a summary, circHIF1A from hypoxic CAFs exosomes played an important role in stem cell properties of breast cancer. CircHIF1A may act as a target molecule of breast cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Anti-tumor effect of trametinib in bladder cancer organoid and the underlying mechanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elbadawy ◽  
Yomogi Sato ◽  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Yuta Goto ◽  
Kimika Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanism
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