Cooling and feeding strategies to reduce heat load of grain-fed beef cattle in intensive housing

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Gaughan ◽  
T.L. Mader ◽  
S.M. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Feeding Strategies

Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Mader ◽  
S. M. Holt ◽  
G. L. Hahn ◽  
M. S. Davis ◽  
D. E. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Load ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feeding Strategies

scholarly journals Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero ◽  
Eliéder Prates Romanzini ◽  
Ronyatta Weich Teobaldo ◽  
Fernando Ongaratto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Beef Cattle Production

Intensification of tropical grassland can be a strategy to increase beef production, but methods for achieving this should maintain or reduce its environmental impact and should not compromise future food-producing capacity. The objective of this review was to discuss the aspects of grassland management, animal supplementation, the environment, and the socioeconomics of grassland intensification. Reducing environmental impact in the form of, for example, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is particularly important in Brazil, which is the second-largest beef producer in the world. Most Brazilian pastures, however, are degraded, representing a considerable opportunity for the mitigation and increase of beef-cattle production, and consequently increasing global protein supply. Moreover, in Brazil, forage production is necessary for seasonal feeding strategies that maintain animal performance during periods of forage scarcity. There are many options to achieve this objective that can be adopted alone or in association. These options include improving grassland management, pasture fertilization, and animal supplementation. Improving grazing management has the potential to mitigate GHG emissions through the reduction of the intensity of CO2 emissions, as well as the preservation of natural areas by reducing the need for expanding pastureland. Limitations to farmers adopting intensification strategies include cultural aspects and the lack of financial resources and technical assistance.

Feeding strategies for managing heat load in feedlot cattle1

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 2373-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Mader ◽  
S. M. Holt ◽  
G. L. Hahn ◽  
M. S. Davis ◽  
D. E. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Load ◽  
Feeding Strategies

scholarly journals Effect of Summer Annual Forage and Type of Shade on Grazing Behavior of Beef Stocker Heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Forage Type

<p>Heat stress in beef cattle is still one of the issues affecting animal performance in the beef cattle industry. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of two summer annual forages such as alyceclover (<em>Alysicarpus vaginalis</em> L.), and pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>) with natural (trees) or artificial shade (80% shade) on grazing behavior and on reducing the heat load of crossbred yearling heifers. On three consecutive years from mid-July to mid-September, 36 (<em>Bos taurus</em> × <em>B. indicus</em>) heifers (body weight [BW] = 321±11.3 kg) were randomly allotted (n = 3) and continuously stocked in 12-1.33 ha paddocks in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 forage types and 2 shade types) with three replicates. Heifers grazing on alyceclover gained more (p = 0.03) than those grazing pearl millet (0.94 and 0.80 kg, respectively). Grazing behavior variables were not affected (p &gt; 0.05) by forage type and forage type x shade type interaction; however, shade type affected grazing and lying time (p &lt; 0.05). Time of day (TOD) affected (p &lt; 0.05) grazing and standing time, number of steps taken, respiration rate, and panting scores. These negative effects are related with the greatest temperature humidity index between 1100 and 1459 h. When data were analyzed by TOD, the negative effect on grazing behavior variables was not different for heifers with access to natural or artificial shades. Under the conditions of the present experiment, artificial shade provided protection for cattle. Grazing behavior parameters can be used to monitor heat load in grazing cattle.</p>

Evaluation of Whole Cottonseed Intake and in Situ digestibility in Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Luke L Jacobs ◽  
Kim K Mullenix ◽  
Russell B Muntifering ◽  
S Leanne L Dillard ◽  
Russell C Carrell
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Periodic Evaluation

Abstract Whole cottonseed (WCS) is a byproduct of the cotton industry and can be used to supplement protein and energy to beef cattle. Given rapid industry changes in cotton variety use and their influence on WCS size, density, and quality characteristics, periodic evaluation of cotton byproducts is needed to determine appropriate feeding strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate total WCS intake, gossypol intake, and digestibility of a widely-planted common variety of WCS in the southeastern U.S., Delta Pine 1646 (DP1646), compared with a low-gossypol variety, Ultra-Low Gossypol Cottonseed (ULGCS). Six Angus and Angus-cross calves (two steers and one bull per group) were used in a 28-day feeding trial in a crossover design. Each group was fed either DP1646 or ULGCS for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 7-d measured intake period. Treatment groups were then switched to the other variety for a second acclimation and measured period. Intake was greater (P = 0.0011) for ULGCS than for DP1646, with an average intake of 2.20 ± 0.24 kg and 1.06 ± 0.24 kg, respectively. Free gossypol intake was not different (P = 0.9371) among treatments with an average daily intake of 13 ± 0.1 ppm and 2 ± 0.8 ppm for DP1646 and ULGCS, respectively. An in situ digestibility trial was conducted using two ruminally-cannulated steers to compare the 72-h digestibility of DP1646 and ULGCS. There were no differences (P = 0.5910) between treatments in total DM digestibility between WCS varieties or treatment by time interaction (P = 0.1270). When evaluating digestibility relative to time, differences were observed (P ≤ 0.0013) at 24, 48, and 72 h. These results indicate that WCS intake was greater for the ULGCS than DP1646, and significant digestibility of either variety was not observed until 24 h of digestion.

Estimates of enteric methane emissions from cattle in Canada using the IPCC Tier-2 methodology

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
D. A. Boadi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
D. L. Fulawka ◽  
J. A. Basarab
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Enteric Methane

The objective of this study was to estimate enteric methane (CH4) emissions of the Canadian cattle population using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier-2 methodology. Estimates were then compared with IPCC Tier-1 methodology and data from Canadian research studies (CRS). Animal inventory data for the Canadian beef and dairy cattle herd was obtained from Statistics Canada. Information on cattle performance and feeding practices were obtained from provincial cattle specialists via a survey, as well as various published reports. Methane emissions from dairy and beef cattle in Canada for 2001 were 173 030 t yr-1 or 3.6 Mt CO2 eq. and 763 852 t yr-1 or 16.0 Mt CO2 eq., respectively, using Tier-2 methodology. Emissions for dairy cattle ranged from 708 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 62 184 t yr-1 in Ontario. Emissions for beef cattle ranged from 191 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 356 345 t yr-1 in Alberta. The national emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) using IPCC Tier-2 were 73, 126, 90, 94, 40, 75, 63 and 56 for dairy heifers, dairy cows, beef cows, bulls, calves < 1yr, beef heifer replacements, heifers > 1 yr, and steers > 1yr, respectively. Emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) for the above classes of cattle using IPCC Tier-1 were 56, 118, 72, 75, 47, 56, 47 and 47, respectively. The values were 15.1% higher to 25.3% lower than those obtained using IPCC Tier-2 methodology. When IPCC Tier-2 emission factors were compared with CRS, they were 12.3% lower to 32.6% higher than those obtained using the Tier-2 methodology. In conclusion, national estimates of enteric emissions from the Canadian cattle industry using Tier-1 and Tier-2 methodologies, as well as CRS, differ depending on the methodology used. Tier-2 methodology does allow for the inclusion of information other than population data, including feeding strategies, as well as duration of time in a given production environment. Additional research is required to establish the extent to which feed energy is converted to methane for those production scenarios for which there is no published data. Key words: IPCC Tier-2, IPCC Tier-1, enteric fermentation, cattle, methane, emission factor, methane conversion rate

scholarly journals Tympanic temperature in confined beef cattle exposed to excessive heat load

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Mader ◽  
J. B. Gaughan ◽  
L. J. Johnson ◽  
G. L. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Excessive Heat

scholarly journals PSXI-12 Comparative metabolomics of blood plasma from Hanwoo beef cattle at different ages and fed diets with different nutritional levels, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 406-407
Author(s):  
Jin Young Jeong ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ◽  
Seul Lee ◽  
Soohyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Different Ages

Abstract Blood metabolome can be used to estimate the growth, nutrition, and health status of livestock. The objective of this study is to find the differently expressed metabolome according to ages and nutritional levels in feeds to predict and control cattle performances. We used Hanwoo cattle at different ages that were fed diets with different nutritional levels. One hundred thirty two blood samples were collected from 22 Hanwoo steers at 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 months and compared their blood metabolomes by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of our comparative analysis showed clear discriminations in blood metabolomic profiles among the ages but not between nutritional levels. Based on the results of t-test, fold changes, and partial least square discriminant analysis, 19 metabolites showed high sensitivity for ages. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, betaine, carnitine, choline, citrulline, creatine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lactate, leucine, proline, pyruvate, serine, tryptophan, and valine could be directly linked to ages. In particular, three metabolic pathways, ammonia recycling; urea cycle; and glycine and serine metabolism were shown to be enriched with the ages (FDR &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05). Thus, the differently expressed metabolites and their related metabolic pathways in the blood plasma may contribute to the biomarkers which indicate the potential for early growing and fattening of indiviual beef cattle. Our findings may allow for better understanding of the mechanism of cattle growth physiology and metabolism, which is necessary for selecting appropriate feeding strategies to improve beef quality and productivity.

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