REVIEW OF PUNNARNAVA GUGGULU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA - RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS w.s.r. BHAISHAJYA RATHNAVALI

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common variety of inflammatory arthritis. The annual inci- dence of RA worldwide is approximately estimated to be 3 cases per 10,000 populations. Based on the similar signs and symptoms RA can be compared with Amavata. It is not described in Brihatrayi as a separate disease the first detailed description was given by Acharya Madhavakar. The available contemporary treatment modalities are not satisfactory therefore Ayurvedic medicines are needed of the hour. Bhaishajya Rathnavali has been men- tioned Punnarnava Guggulu in the management of Amavata. Aim: To critically study the mode of action of Pun- narnava Guggulu in the management of Amavata w.s.r. Bhaishajya Rathnavali. Methods: For this study Ayurve- da Samhita-Madhava Nidana, Authentic publications and modern literature have been reviewed. Conclusion: The Punnarnava Guggulu is Shothahara, Vedanasthapaka, Vatahara, Agnivardhaka and Amapachaka. So, it is concluded that Punnarnava Guggulu can be used as an effective medicine for Amavata. Keywords: Punnarnava Guggulu, Amavata, Rheumatoid arthritis

Change in the coherence of light scattering from the surface of apples and their transpiration during storage

The potential possibility of using coherent optics for non-destructive testing to modify the microstructure of the surface of apples under the influence of chemical factors was studied. The model objects included solar and shade sides of fruits of Antonovka Common variety, untreated (control) and treated with diphenylamine (DPA). The amplitude-phase parameters of laser radiation reflected from the fruit surface were evaluated using a polarization shearing interferometer. It was experimentally shown that by the intensity and degree of coherence of the reflected laser radiation of the surface of apples, it is possible to register the anatomical and morphological characteristics of their tissues. It was revealed that after two months of storage, the spatial coherence of light scattering of the shadow side of an apple is higher than that of the solar, and the surface of apples treated with diphenylamine has a higher coherence of light scattering of the surface of both the solar and shadow sides. It was shown that the transpiration of apples treated with diphenylamine exceeds the transpiration of control apples.

Disease intensity of moler and yield losses of Shallot cv. Bima caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae in Brebes Central Java

Brebes Central Java is one of the central production of shallot in Indonesia. In the latest years, shallot farmers in Brebes face a new problem in their production, that is the increasing attack of Fusarium oxyspsorum f.sp. cepae (FOCe) which causes Moler disease (MD). Based on a previous survey of respondents, the most common variety planted by the farmer in Brebes was cv Bima that had disease intensity up to 60% with yield losses over 40%. The field data related to disease intensity and yield losses caused by the pathogen are still very limited. This paper reports the occurrence of disease intensity of MD and its correlation to yield losses based on the primary data that was collected through a direct assessment on the field of shallot plantings in Brebes. The results show that the disease intensity of MD varies from 0 to 75% which significantly affects yield losses. Yield losses of same shallot plantings are over 50%.

Variation in the Accumulation of Phytochemicals and Their Bioactive Properties among the Aerial Parts of Cauliflower

Vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are excellent sources of bioactive phytochemicals and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Variation of phytochemicals in the edible part of cauliflower is known. However, information about the distribution of bioactive and nutritive compounds as well as antioxidant activity among aerial organs of cauliflower is unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the distribution of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, nutritive compounds and antioxidant capacity between the aerial parts of the common variety of cauliflower and to evaluate whether these changes contribute to the differences in the antioxidant capacity between the plant organs. Our study showed that all the aerial organs of cauliflower are a rich source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, including GLS, phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting antioxidant capacity. The highest contents of phytochemicals and the highest antioxidant capacity were found in leaves. Cauliflower organs were also found to be rich in nutritive compounds, including minerals, proteins and amino acids. Our study showed that the non-edible organs, such as stems and leaves, being neglected parts of cauliflower, if not consumed as the main ingredient, can be used as additives for developing new, functional foodstuff.

Genetic Characterization of Indigenous Duck of North-East Region using Microsatellite Markers

Background: Duck farming plays a significant role, next to chicken in the socio-economic uplift men of the rural farmers of North-East India. Pati duck is the most common duck breed in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and the other common variety reared in North-East India is Chara-Chambeli, however it originatein Kerala. Genetic characterization plays a significant role for formulation of breeding strategies for improvement of any breed. Microsatellites are codominant in nature and are highly polymorphic. High level of allelic variation, co-dominant mode of inheritance and potential for automated analysis make them an excellent tool for genotyping, mapping and genetic characterization. Pati duck is the most common duck breed in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and the other common variety reared in North-East India is Chara-Chambeli however its origin in Kerela. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to characterize these two duck breeds using microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity in these two duck population. Methods: For the present study, Blood sample were collected from 50 Patiducks and 50 Chara-Chambeli ducks from different parts of North-East India. Assessment of genetic characterization of duck breeds of north-east region were carried out using 16 microsatellite markers and population genetics analysis were done by POPGENE software. Result: In the present study, all the studied loci were highly polymorphic. Analysis generated a total of 41 microsatellite alleles. The number of observed alleles (Na) with an overall mean of 1.93±0.258. However, the effective number of alleles (Ne) with a mean of 1.6933±0.2712. The Shannon’s information index was found to a mean value of 0.5685±0.1693. The overall means for observed (HO) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.2889±0.2477 and 0.5289±0.0853, respectively. The chi-square (χ2) test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed that all the loci are in within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Psychometric evaluation of the Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (IMIS) in a South African sample

Involuntary musical imagery (INMI) is a common variety of musical imagery (MI) that has been a key research interest in the psychology of music over the last ten years. The Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (IMIS), a closed-ended self-report instrument that offers a standardized means of assessing different aspects of earworm experience, has previously been evaluated psychometrically in at least two predominantly Euro-American samples. This report extends the study of INMI, and of the IMIS in particular, into a multicultural and multilingual African context. Responses to the IMIS from a South African student sample were subjected to factor analysis, reliability analysis, and a series of correlational analyses in order to assess its robustness and suitability for cross-cultural research. Results suggest the IMIS has a robust factor structure, reliability characteristics, and internal intercorrelation patterns when compared to previous findings, even outside a Global North setting. Item and subscale scores generally converged with other indicators of MI and INMI frequency, as well as INMI pleasantness and levels of disturbance. In contrast to the findings of much previous research, IMIS Negative Valence correlated negatively with earworm frequency, section length, and episode length, providing support for the claim that earworms are generally a positive rather than aversive experience. Although IMIS earworm frequency was strongly and positively correlated with INMI frequency, they shared only 36.8% variance – a result consistent with concerns that MI/INMI definitions have considerable impact on self-reports of these phenomena, and specifically that the earworm experience should not be equated with or considered prototypical of INMI experience.

Clinico-Radiological Study of Odontogenic Cysts in Mandibular Region from Agartala, Tripura

BACKGROUND Most common osseous destructive lesions effecting the jawbone are odontogenic cystic lesions, which are lined by epithelium, has been involved in the formation of teeth as the epithelial cell rest are present in jawbone after teeth formation. The three most common odontogenic cysts (OCs) are radicular cyst (RC), dentigerous cyst (DC) and the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Less common variety is the residual cyst. Odontogenic cysts are mainly developmental and inflammatory in origin. The objective of the present study was to find clinico-radiographic characteristics of odontogenic cysts in the mandible. METHODS This was a case series (descriptive) study on OCs of mandible conducted at Tripura Medical College and Dr BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala, Tripura (W), India, over a period of 6 months from August 2019 to January 2020. Subjects showing clinico-radiographic features of OCs in mandible were included, subsequently confirmed by histopathological examinations. Usually orthopantomograms (OPGs) and intra oral peri apical radiograph (IOPAs) were done for radiological findings, computed tomography (CT) scan was required for examination of the size of lesion. Data were analysed using windows excel. RESULTS Diagnosis of OCs was confirmed in 20 patients, among them, males were (60 %) and female were (40 %). The age range of the patients was 17 - 65 years. Most common type of cyst diagnosed in the study was radicular cyst in 50 % cases followed by dentigerous cysts which were in 30 % cases, odontogenic keratocysts were in 15 % patients and others were 5 %. RCs were represented in higher percentage (50 %). Right side of mandible was the most effected side (60 %) than left side (40 %). Main finding of the study was, in every type of cystic lesions, males were recorded as predominant, and it occurred in early age group. CONCLUSIONS Main finding of the study was radicular cyst which was in higher percentage (50 %) and was being most common with association of carious tooth. KEYWORDS Odontogenic Cysts, Mandible, Finding

Incidence of steroid modified tinea in pediatric age group at tertiary centre in North India

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Uncontrolled use and abuse of topical steroids has led to increase in number of cases of superficial dermatophytosis of skin, hair and nail in pediatric age group as well. Our study aimed to analyse epidemiological and microbiological profile of steroid modified tinea (SMT) in pediatric age group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Clinically diagnosed tinea childhood patients with history of usage of topical steroids in children were included in our study. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination along with KOH mount and culture was done.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 112 patients were clinically diagnosed as tinea out of which 61cases gave the history of topical steroids and were included in our study. Most common age group was 12-18 years with female:male of ratio approximately 3:1 and disseminated and atypical form was the most common variety. KOH mount was positive in 73.2% cases and culture was positive in 69.6% cases. Most common species found out to be <em>Tinea mentagrophytes</em> followed by <em>Tinea rubrum</em>. Among non-dermatophyte group, <em>Candida</em> was the commonest.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is rise in incidence of dermatophytosis, especially steroid modified, atypical and disseminated.</p>

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia?

According to traditional medicine, Hibiscus is used to treat hypertension, heart diseases and many other ailments. Commercially available Hibiscus tea is prepared with H. sabdariffa and is expensive. H. rosasinensis is the common variety which is abundant in tropical home-gardens, however the scientific data are lacking on the effects. The present review focuses on the available scientific data on the effects of H. rosasinensis on controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The endeavour was to identify whether H. rosasinensis flower petals as a ‘tea’ is effective for diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. Medical databases such as MEDLINE, BMC, BMJ, research gate, Mendelay literature search database, Google scholar and the general engine Google were searched from November 2018 to April 2019. Search was carried out using keywords such as “Hibiscus rosasinensis”, “antidiabetic effects”, “antihyperlipidemic effects”, “toxic effects”, “anti-inflammatory effects”, “phytochemicals in Hibiscus” etc. Data were critically analyzed to assess whether the effective doses of the research studies on a par with the doses present in H. rosasinensis teas. We found thirty-nine journal articles fulfilled the criteria. The data were categorized and extracted on uses of H. rosasinensis, anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hypercholesterolemic effects and its phytochemicals. The review revealed that the dose of H. rosasinensis petals present in a home-made Hibiscus tea is theoretically sufficient to elicit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Home-made Hibiscus tea is effective in controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia without causing acute toxicity.

Targeted therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current advances and future trends

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women in the US and worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common variety accounting for 84% of the cases. For a subset of patients with actionable mutations, targeted therapy continues to provide durable responses. Advances in molecular and immunohistochemical techniques have made it possible to usher lung cancer into the era of personalized medicine, with the patient getting individualized treatment based on these markers. This review summarizes the recent advances in advanced NSCLC targeted therapy, focusing on first-in-human and early phase I/II clinical trials in patients with advanced disease. We have divided our discussion into different topics based on these agents' mechanisms of action. This article is aimed to be the most current review of available and upcoming targeted NSCLC treatment options. We will also summarize the currently available phase I/II clinical trial for NSCLC patients at the end of each section.