Host pathways for recognition: Establishing gastrointestinal microbiota as relevant in animal health and nutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Willing ◽  
A.G. Van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Host Pathways

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids modulate gastrointestinal microbiome in a wild bird

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 171743 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Noguera ◽  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Losada ◽  
Jorge Domínguez ◽  
Alberto Velando
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Larus Michahellis

It has recently been hypothesized that stress exposure (e.g. via glucocorticoid secretion) may dysregulate the bacterial gut microbiome, a crucial ‘organ' in animal health. However, whether stress exposure (e.g. via glucocorticoid secretion) affects the bacterial gut microbiome of natural populations is unknown. We have experimentally altered the basal glucocorticoid level (corticosterone implants) in a wild avian species, the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis , to assess its effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Our results suggest underrepresentation of several microbial taxa in the corticosterone-implanted birds. Importantly, such reduction included potentially pathogenic avian bacteria (e.g. Mycoplasma and Microvirga ) and also some commensal taxa that may be beneficial for birds (e.g. Firmicutes). Our findings clearly demonstrate a close link between microbiome communities and glucocorticoid levels in natural populations. Furthermore, they suggest a beneficial effect of stress in reducing the risk of infection that should be explored in future studies.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Breeders With Different Egg Laying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqiao Yang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health, immunity and reproductive performances. However, literature about the relationship between microbiota and reproductive performance is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota of broiler breeders with different egg laying rate. A total of 200 AA+ parent broiler breeders (41-week-old) were separated into two groups according to their different egg laying rate [average egg laying rate group (AR: 78.57 ± 0.20%) and high egg laying rate group (HR: 90.79 ± 0.43%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), ovary cell apoptosis rate (ApoCR) and relative abdominal fat weight were lower (p = 0.01), while the hatchability rate of qualified egg was higher (p = 0.04) in HR group than that in AR group. Phascolarctobacterium abundance were lower (p = 0.012) in ileum of HR birds. Romboutsia (genus) in ileum was negatively related to the feed efficiency (r = −0.58, p < 0.05), Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) abundances in cecum were positively related to the egg laying rate (ELR) (r = 0.35 and 0.48, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.42 and 0.43, p < 0.05), while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Sphaerochaeta (genus) abundances in cecum were negatively related to the ELR (r = −0.43 and −0.70, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.54 and 0.48, p < 0.05), and positively related to ApoCR (r = 0.46 and 0.47, p < 0.05). Our results suggested that microbiota, such as Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) have positive relationship, while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Romboutsia (genus) abundances exert negative relationship with broiler breeders' reproductive performances.

scholarly journals Genome-Resolved Metagenomics of the Chicken Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Segura-Wang ◽  
Nikolaus Grabner ◽  
Andreas Koestelbauer ◽  
Viviana Klose ◽  
Mahdi Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota

Increasing evidence shows that the chicken gastrointestinal microbiota has a major effect on the modulation of metabolic functions and is correlated with economic parameters, such as feed efficiency and health. Some of these effects derive from the capacity of the chicken to digest carbohydrates and produce energy-rich metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and from host-microbe interactions. In this study, we utilized information from metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) from chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples, with detailed annotation of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and genes involved in SCFA production, to better understand metabolic potential at different ages. Metagenomic sequencing of 751 chicken GIT samples was performed to reconstruct 155 MAGs, representing species which belong to six phyla, primarily Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria. MAG diversity significantly (p < 0.001) increased with age, with early domination of Lachnospiraceae, followed by other families including Oscillospiraceae. Age-dependent shifts were observed in the abundance of genes involved in CAZyme and SCFA production, exemplified by a significant increase in glycosyltransferases (GTs) and propionic acid production pathways (p < 0.05), and a lower abundance of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) (p < 0.01). Co-occurrence analysis revealed a large cluster highly interconnected by enzymes from GT2_2 and GH3 families, underscoring their importance in the community. Furthermore, several species were identified as interaction hubs, elucidating associations of key microbes and enzymes that more likely drive temporal changes in the chicken gut microbiota, and providing further insights into the structure of the complex microbial community. This study extends prior efforts on the characterization of the chicken GIT microbiome at the taxonomic and functional levels and lays an important foundation toward better understanding the broiler chicken gut microbiome helping in the identification of modulation opportunities to increase animal health and performance.

scholarly journals High-carotenoid maize: development of plant biotechnology prototypes for human and animal health and nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zhu ◽  
G. Farré ◽  
D. Zanga ◽  
J. Lloveras ◽  
A. Michelena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in small animal health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (14) ◽  
pp. 370-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Redfern ◽  
Jan Suchodolski ◽  
Albert Jergens
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Health And Disease

There is a large and emerging interest in the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and disease. This paper serves to review the current knowledge and recommendations of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease. Further, this review evaluates the current literature and suggests guidelines for faecal microbial transplantation, a novel therapy for dysbiosis in veterinary medicine.

Animal health and nutrition in organic farming.

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaarst ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg ◽  
T. Kristensen ◽  
S. M. Thamsborg ◽  
A. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition

scholarly journals An examination of transaction interdependency: a perspective in the animal health and nutrition industrial system

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
K.D. Harris ◽  
H.S. James Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Technical Material

The research examining bioscience networks has been studied from two perspectives. One view comes from economics and the other sociology. We examine the technical (material flows) and people aspects (information sharing) of interdependency in the context of economic exchanges in a bioscience network. The empirical contributions are the techniques used to explain the network structure of a burgeoning animal health and nutrition bioscience network and the portability of network analysis concepts that provides the potential to manage diverse business networks. The results suggest the economic exchanges can be traced back to the underlying interactions that safeguard transactions and influence the flow of resources and information.

scholarly journals 368 Protein and amino acid effects on pig microbial ecology, health and nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Thomas Burkey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract The gut microbiome is essential to animal health. Many factors, including both environmental (e.g. diet) and host-related (e.g. genetic background, sex, age), shape the intestinal microbiome. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host on animal health and disease. Different protein types (e.g. plant-based vs. animal-based) have been shown to have differential effects on the gut microbiome. In addition, there is evidence of compartment-specific and amino acid-specific interactions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract. The result of these interactions must be considered to be essential as a variety of metabolites are produced and, for example, act as nutrients and modulators of physiologic processes. Our overarching goal is to discuss protein/amino acid effects on pig microbial ecology, health, and nutrition.

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