Supplementary tryptophan downregulates the expression of genes induced by the gut microbiota in healthy weaned pigs susceptible to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and F18 are the two most dominant pathogenic strains in weaned pigs. The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of dietary monobutyrin and monovalerin on performance and systemic immunity of weanling piglets coinfected with F4/F18 ETEC. Twenty weaned pigs (8.21 ± 1.23 kg) were individually housed and were randomly allotted to one of three diets: control (n = 6), 0.1% monobutyrin (n = 7), or 0.1% monovalerin (n = 7). The experiment was conducted 14 days, including 7 days’ adaption and 7 days post-inoculation (PI). On d 0, d 1, and d 2 PI, pigs were inoculated with 0.5 × 109 CFU/1.5 mL each of F4 and F18 ETEC for three consecutive days. Diarrhea score was recorded daily to determine frequency of diarrhea. Piglets and feeders were weighed throughout the trial to analyze growth performance. Fecal cultures from pigs on d 0, 2, and 4 PI were inspected to identify the absence or presence of hemolytic coliforms. Blood was collected on d 0, 4, and 7 PI for complete blood cells count. All data were analyzed by the Proc Mixed of SAS with randomized complete block design. Pigs supplemented with monovalerin and monobutyrin had numerically higher ADG (249 and 282 g/day) from d 0 to d 7 PI than pigs in control (198 g/day). Supplementation of monovalerin reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment. Pigs fed monovalerin had lower (P < 0.05) neutrophil counts on d 4 PI compared with control. Hemolytic coliforms were observed in all fecal cultures from d 2 and d 4 PI, confirming fecal shedding of ETEC. Results of this study indicate the potential benefits of monovalerin supplementation on performance and disease resistance of weaned pigs coinfected with F4 and F8 ETEC.

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Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01998d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 9599-9612

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Heng Yin ◽

Zhiqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Intestinal Injury ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Protective Potential

This study was conducted to explore the protective potential of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation and intestinal injury in weaned pigs.

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Osteopontin-Enriched Algae Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition in Weaning Piglets Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (P06-069-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-069-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mei Wang ◽

Brooke Smith ◽

Brock Adams ◽

Miller Tran ◽

Ryan Dilger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Future Research ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Wild Type ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are an important cause of diarrhea in human infants and young farm animals. Osteopontin (OPN), a glycoprotein present in high concentration in human milk, has immunomodulatory functions, which could indirectly impact the microbiota. Furthermore, a previous study has shown fecal microbiota composition differs between wild-type and OPN knockout mice. Herein, the effects of OPN-enriched algae on the gut microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of ETEC-infected piglets were assessed. Methods Naturally-farrowed piglets were sow-reared for 21 days and then randomized to two weaning diets: WT (formula + 1% wild-type algae) or OPN (formula + 1% OPN-enriched algae). On postnatal day (PND) 31, all piglets were infected orally with a live culture of ETEC (1010 colony-forming unit/3 mL dose) daily for three consecutive days. On PND 41, ascending colon (AC) contents were collected. Gut microbiota was assessed by sequencing V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene and VFAs were determined by gas chromatography. Alpha-diversity and VFAs were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Beta-diversity was evaluated by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and differential abundance analysis on the bacterial genera was performed using DESeq2 package of R. Results Shannon indices were lower in the AC contents of OPN piglets compared to WT piglets. The overall colonic microbiota of OPN piglets differed from that of WT piglets (PERMANOVA P = 0.015). At genus level, OPN-enriched algae increased the abundance of Streptococcus, decreased the abundances of Sutterella, Candidatus Soleaferrea, dga-11 gut group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, unculturedRuminococcaceae, Prevotella 2 and 7 compared to piglets consuming wild-type algae (P < 0. 05). OPN piglets also had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate compared to WT. Conclusions In ETEC infected piglets, 1% OPN-enriched algae decreased alpha-diversity and modulated the microbiota composition and VFA profiles compared to 1% WT algae. Other studies have shown that OPN inhibits biofilm formation in vitro, but future research is needed to assess in vivo microbiome-modulation mechanisms. Funding Sources Triton Algae Innovations.

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