scholarly journals On the complex relationship between energy expenditure and longevity: Reconciling the contradictory empirical results with a simple theoretical model

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hou ◽  
Kaushalya Amunugama
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model

The Effects of Hate Groups on Hate Crimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Yahagi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper presents a simple theoretical model to analyze the relationship between hate groups and hate crimes. This paper focuses on two important roles of hate groups; as providers of membership benefits for group members and as a coordination device for leadership. This paper shows that this interaction implies the possibility of multiple equilibria of the crime rate. This result explains why hate crimes and extreme criminal activities vary across communities and over time, and why a social shock such as 9/11 resulted in a rapid increase of hate crimes. Moreover, if hate groups work as coordination devices, the existence of hate groups may increase hate crimes. This result supports recent empirical results analyzing relationships between hate groups and hate crimes.

Firm Size and the Relationship Between Wage Dispersion and Firm Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
The Relationship

A simple theoretical model explains the divergent empirical results concerning the effect of wage dispersion on firm performance. First, causality in the relationship is clarified. Then, through the model, it is shown that firm performance is non-monotonic with respect to wage dispersion. Likewise, it is shown that large firms are more likely to benefit from a dispersed wage structure than small firms.

scholarly journals Incumbent and Entrant Bidding in Scoring Rule Auctions: A Study on Italian Canteen Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Camboni ◽  
Paola Valbonesi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Scoring Rule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Original Dataset

AbstractWe empirically investigate incumbents’ and entrants’ bids on an original dataset of 192 scoring rule auctions for canteen services in Italy. Our findings show that winning rebates are lower (i.e., prices paid by the public buyer are higher) when the contract is awarded to the incumbent supplier. This result is not explained by the observable characteristics of the auction or the service awarded. We develop a simple theoretical model showing that the result is consistent with a setting in which the buyer exploits specific information on the incumbent supplier’s production cost.

scholarly journals Market Choices Driven by Reference Groups: A Comparison of Analytical and Simulation Results on Random Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Michał Ramsza
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Two Equilibria

The present paper reports simulation results for a simple model of reference group influence on market choices, e.g., brand selection. The model was simulated on three types of random graphs, Erdos–Renyi, Barabasi–Albert, and Watts–Strogatz. The estimates of equilibria based on the simulation results were compared to the equilibria of the theoretical model. It was verified that the simulations exhibited the same qualitative behavior as the theoretical model, and for graphs with high connectivity and low clustering, the quantitative predictions offered a viable approximation. These results allowed extending the results from the simple theoretical model to networks. Thus, by increasing the positive response towards the reference group, the third party may create a bistable situation with two equilibria at which respective brands dominate the market. This task is easier for large reference groups.

scholarly journals Theoretical Bounds on Electron Energy Filtering in Disordered Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro Dodin ◽  
Brian F. Aull ◽  
Roderick R. Kunz ◽  
Adam Willard
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Discrete Energy ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Particle Polydispersity ◽  
Electron Energy Filtering ◽  
Individual Nanoparticles

This manuscript presents a theoretical model for determining the electron energy filtering properties of nanocomposite materials. Individual nanoparticles can serve as energy filters for tunneling electrons due their discretized energy levels. Nanomaterials comprised of many individual nanoparticles can in principle serve the same purpose, however, particle polydispersity can lead to an additional source of energetic broadening. We describe a simple theoretical model that includes the effects of discrete energy levels and inhomogeneous broadening. We use this model to identify the material parameters needed for effective energy filtering by quantum dot solids.

Do Imports Increase Unemployment? Empirical Estimates That Are Not Model Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-469
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Leightner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Some Ricardian models would predict a fall in unemployment with trade liberalization. In contrast, the Heckscher-Ohlin model (Stolper Samuelson Theorem) would predict trade liberalization would cause a fall in wages for labor scarce countries, resulting in greater unemployment if there are wage rigidities. The choice of which theoretical model is used affects the empirical results obtained. This paper produces estimates of the change in unemployment due to a change in imports that are not model dependent. The estimates produced are total derivatives that capture all the ways that imports and unemployment are correlated. I find that unemployment increases with increased imports for Austria, Greece, Japan, Portugal, South Korea, Slovenia, and Sweden, but that unemployment decreases with increased imports for Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the UK, and the US.

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