The nutrient load from food waste generated onboard ships in the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Wilewska-Bien ◽  
Lena Granhag ◽  
Karin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Anthropogenic nutrient load of the Baltic Sea

Limnologica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Nausch ◽  
Dietwart Nehring ◽  
Gunni Aertebjerg
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Nutrient Analysis of Food Waste from Ships’ Greywater in the Baltic Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Renate Kalnina ◽  
Ieva Demjanenko ◽  
Dzesika Gorbacenko ◽  
Valdis Priednieks ◽  
Janis Baronins
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

This case study presents the results of assessments of the potential risk of pollution by food waste in different applied shipping scenarios. A four-step model was used to analyse the applied procedures. The first step of the study involved the identification of possible strategies for on-board food waste management. In the second step, physicochemical tests of visually selected greywater detected high contents of nutrients (NTotal ≤ 238 mg·L−1 and PTotal ≤ 71 mg·L−1). Daily nutrient content (DNC) calculations of different food waste management scenarios allowed us to estimate the highest emission value from the discharge of greywater mixed with shredded food waste in the third step. In the final stage of the study, the results obtained made it possible to qualitatively assess the impact of DNC load on food waste management methods in the Baltic Sea environment. This study highlights the potential risk of polluting the Baltic Sea with nutrients and other contaminants in various scenarios, which will impact the marine recovery process. The presented research helps to outline waste management approaches for the reduction of these risks.

scholarly journals Phosphorus flows on ships: Case study from the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Wilewska-Bien ◽  
Lena Granhag ◽  
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen ◽  
Lasse Johansson ◽  
Karin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
The Baltic

Material flow analysis is used to identify and quantify the flow of phosphorus (P) in ship-generated food waste and wastewater. Passenger, cruise, RoPax and cargo ships in the Baltic Sea were investigated in three scenarios: (1) if all waste is discharged to sea, (2) if all waste is disposed of ashore or (3) if the food waste fraction is disposed of ashore and wastewater is treated on-board. About 107 tonnes of P is generated annually in the waste streams, with highest contribution of approximately 62 tonnes (58%) from wastewater in the ship-category RoPax. Approximately 24 tonnes of P is contained in the food waste generated by the ships in the study. Forthcoming regulations over allowed nutrient concentrations in sewage will lead to 80% reduction in P from passenger ships and can reduce about 31 tonnes of P entering the Baltic Sea environment. If both sewage and grey water instead are offloaded in port reception facilities, about 76 tonnes of P-reduction to the sea can be reached. As most phosphorus recovery practices currently only are available on land it is recommended to direct the waste streams to port reception facilities for further treatment ashore.

scholarly journals Digital methods for agro-monitoring and nutrient load management in the Russian part of the Baltic Sea catchment area

2020 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Briukhanov ◽  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
Ekaterina Shalavina ◽  
Alexey Trifanov ◽  
Ekaterina Vorobyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Part ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
The Baltic

Projected Oceanographical Changes in the Baltic Sea until 2100

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Markus Meier ◽  
Sofia Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Baltic

In this article, the concepts and background of regional climate modeling of the future Baltic Sea are summarized and state-of-the-art projections, climate change impact studies, and challenges are discussed. The focus is on projected oceanographic changes in future climate. However, as these changes may have a significant impact on biogeochemical cycling, nutrient load scenario simulations in future climates are briefly discussed as well. The Baltic Sea is special compared to other coastal seas as it is a tideless, semi-enclosed sea with large freshwater and nutrient supply from a partly heavily populated catchment area and a long response time of about 30 years, and as it is, in the early 21st century, warming faster than any other coastal sea in the world. Hence, policymakers request the development of nutrient load abatement strategies in future climate. For this purpose, large ensembles of coupled climate–environmental scenario simulations based upon high-resolution circulation models were developed to estimate changes in water temperature, salinity, sea-ice cover, sea level, oxygen, nutrient, and phytoplankton concentrations, and water transparency, together with uncertainty ranges. Uncertainties in scenario simulations of the Baltic Sea are considerable. Sources of uncertainties are global and regional climate model biases, natural variability, and unknown greenhouse gas emission and nutrient load scenarios. Unknown early 21st-century and future bioavailable nutrient loads from land and atmosphere and the experimental setup of the dynamical downscaling technique are perhaps the largest sources of uncertainties for marine biogeochemistry projections. The high uncertainties might potentially be reducible through investments in new multi-model ensemble simulations that are built on better experimental setups, improved models, and more plausible nutrient loads. The development of community models for the Baltic Sea region with improved performance and common coordinated experiments of scenario simulations is recommended.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of Ecosystem-Based Nutrient Targets—Findings from a Numerical Model for the Baltic Sea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Ing-Marie Gren ◽  
Wondmagegn Tirkaso
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marine Basins

An ecosystem-based management of a large sea can give heterogeneous nutrient load targets for different parts of the sea. Cost effective solutions to heterogeneous nutrient reductions targets based on ecological conditions are compared with the same overall nutrient reductions to the Baltic Sea. To this end, a numerical programming model is used, which includes eight different nutrient abatement measures (fertilizer and livestock reduction, cultivation of catch crops, reduced airborne nitrogen emissions, improved cleaning at sewage treatment plants, construction of wetlands and buffer strips, and mussel farming) in 21 catchments of the Baltic Sea. The results indicate that the cost for the international agreement on maximum load targets to different marine basins amounts to 5.3 billion euro. This is more than twice as large as the cost for the same total nutrient load targets to the Baltic Sea without specific targets for the marine basins. However, the resulting nutrient loads to the different marine basins deviate from the basin targets where the loads are lower for some basins but can exceed that for one basin, Baltic Proper, by approximately 22 per cent. Whether or not the ecological costs and benefits from deviations in basin targets under the Baltic Sea targets exceed the excess abatement cost of 2.9 billion euro for achieving the marine basin targets remains to be verified.

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