Cigarette butts in beach litter: Snapshot of a summer holiday

Beach litter is a worldwide problem that has several negative effects. A first step in preventing an environmental hazard is to determine and model the level of contamination. In this paper, geostatistical simulation is used to model two main forms of beach litter (cigarette butts and sharp items) in one of the most contaminated beaches in Antofagasta, Chile. A hundred realizations of cigarette butts and broken glass are generated to emulate their joint spatial distribution. The simulation results are used to classify the beach into different areas with respect to the risk of injury by broken glass and the level of contamination by cigarette butts. The models obtained can be used by local authorities in beach clean-up programs and by visitors to beaches in choosing the safest and cleanest areas. The results demonstrate the capability of geostatistical simulation algorithms to model different types of beach litter.

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A Summer Holiday Souvenir: p-Phenylene Diamine Contact Hypersensitivity

Aktuelle Dermatologie ◽

10.1055/s-2001-13113 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 160-160

Author(s):

Hausen ◽

Stephan ◽

Heidbreder

Keyword(s):

Contact Hypersensitivity ◽

Summer Holiday ◽

Phenylene Diamine

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Quantification and Classification of Beach Litter in Montenegro (South-East Adriatic Sea)

10.1007/698_2020_715 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milica Mandić ◽

Slađana Gvozdenović ◽

Ines Peraš ◽

Aleksandra Ivanović ◽

Nemanja Malovrazić

Keyword(s):

Adriatic Sea ◽

Beach Litter

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Superhigh selective capture of volatile organic compounds exploiting cigarette butts-derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.cjche.2021.01.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wenjian Zhu ◽

Xuhua Shen ◽

Rui Ou ◽

Manoj Murugesan ◽

Aihua Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Carbonaceous Adsorbent

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A Survey of Marine Coastal Litters around Zhoushan Island, China and Their Impacts

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9020183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Xuehua Ma ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Luyi Yang ◽

Jianfeng Tong

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Local Environment ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Social Ecological ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Valuable Method ◽

Beach Litter ◽

The Impact

Rapid development of the economy increased marine litter around Zhoushan Island. Social-ecological scenario studies can help to develop strategies to adapt to such change. To investigate the present situation of marine litter pollution, a stratified random sampling (StRS) method was applied to survey the distribution of marine coastal litters around Zhoushan Island. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to access the amount of litter in different landforms that include mudflats, artificial and rocky beaches. In addition, two questionnaires were designed for local fishermen and tourists to provide social scenarios. The results showed that the distribution of litter in different landforms was significantly different, while the distribution of litter in different sampling points had no significant difference. The StRS survey showed to be a valuable method for giving a relative overview of beach litter around Zhoushan Island with less effort in a future survey. The questionnaire feedbacks helped to understand the source of marine litter and showed the impact on the local environment and economy. Based on the social-ecological scenarios, governance recommendations were provided in this paper.

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Environmental fate of cigarette butts and their toxicity in aquatic organisms: A comprehensive systematic review

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2021.110881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 110881

Author(s):

Sina Dobaradaran ◽

Farshid Soleimani ◽

Razegheh Akhbarizadeh ◽

Torsten C. Schmidt ◽

Maryam Marzban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Cigarette Butts

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Determination of Free Solanesol Levels in Cigarette Filters by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bkab041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Bravo Cardenas ◽

Phuong Ngac ◽

Clifford Watson ◽

Liza Valentin-Blasini

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Filter Material ◽

Previous Method ◽

Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽

Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽

Cigarette Butts

Abstract Solanesol, a naturally occurring constituent of tobacco, has been utilized as a good marker for environmental tobacco smoke particulate and as a noninvasive predictor of mainstream cigarette smoke tar and nicotine intake under naturalistic smoking conditions. A fast and accurate method for measuring free solanesol to assess tobacco smoke exposure is highly desirable. We have developed and validated a new environmentally friendly, high-throughput method for measuring solanesol content in discarded cigarette filter butts. The solanesol deposited in the used filters can be correlated with mainstream smoke deliveries of nicotine and total particle matter to estimate constituent delivery to smokers. A portion of filter material is removed from cigarette butts after machine smoking, spiked with internal standard solution, extracted and quantitatively analyzed using reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The new method incorporates a 48-well plate format for automated sample preparation that reduces sample preparation time and solvent use and increases sample throughput 10-fold compared to our previous method. Accuracy and precision were evaluated by spiking known amounts of solanesol on both clean and smoked cigarette butts. Recoveries exceeded 93% at both low and high spiking levels. Linear solanesol calibration curves ranged from 1.9 to 367 µg/butt with a 0.05 µg/butt limit of detection.

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