Microbiological condition of horse meat prepared at a North American packing plant, and control of the temperatures of product air freighted to Europe

Meat Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Gill ◽  
C. Landers
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Horse Meat ◽  
And Control

Discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Nathan Myrick
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
And Control

This chapter engages the discursive problem of music in both popular and academic literature, and, using ethnographic evidence, shows that musical meaning is partially determined and simultaneously configured via linguistic and generic means. One of the ways communities may form is around shared understanding of musical meaning, and musical meaning may be determined largely by generic understandings—musical genres often function discursively for North American evangelicals. The chapter argues that generic musical meaning is imbued with values and convictions, claiming that these are negotiated as a kind of discourse ethics. However, these generic understandings of meaning are unstable, being troubled by the competing claims of authenticity and control. This instability precludes ethical theorization on the premise of discourse alone, yet it indicates that the discourse that takes place both around and through musical activity is ethically important and should be taken into account in any ethical theory that gives an account of music.

Saline Seep Development and Control in the North American Great Plains - Hydroceological Aspects

1981 ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Miller ◽  
P.L. BROWN ◽  
J.J. DONOVAN ◽  
R.N. BERGATINO ◽  
J.L. SONDEREGGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 2109-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S. Mirajkar ◽  
Peter R. Davies ◽  
Connie J. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
North American ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
And Control

Outbreaks of swine dysentery, caused byBrachyspira hyodysenteriaeand the recently discovered “Brachyspira hampsonii,” have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s. Additionally, multipleBrachyspiraspecies have been increasingly isolated by North American diagnostic laboratories. In Europe, the reliance on antimicrobial therapy for control of swine dysentery has been followed by reports of antimicrobial resistance over time. The objectives of our study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of fourBrachyspiraspecies originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bacterial species, genotypes, and epidemiological origins of the isolates. We evaluated the susceptibility ofB. hyodysenteriae,B. hampsonii,Brachyspira pilosicoli, andBrachyspira murdochiito tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, lincomycin, and tylosin by broth microdilution and that to carbadox by agar dilution. In general,Brachyspiraspecies showed high susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, and carbadox, heterogeneous susceptibility to doxycycline, and low susceptibility to lincomycin and tylosin. A trend of decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility by species was observed (B. hampsonii>B. hyodysenteriae>B. murdochii>B. pilosicoli). In general,Brachyspiraisolates from the United States were more susceptible to these antimicrobials than were isolates from other countries. Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility was associated with the genotype, stage of production, and production system from which the isolate originated, which highlights the roles of biosecurity and husbandry in disease prevention and control. Finally, this study also highlights the urgent need for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-approved clinical breakpoints forBrachyspiraspecies, to facilitate informed therapeutic and control strategies.

Saline seep development and control in the North American Great Plains - Hydrogeological aspects

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Miller ◽  
P.L. Brown ◽  
J.J. Donovan ◽  
R.N. Bergatino ◽  
J.L. Sonderegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
And Control

Bodily Self-Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study of South Korea and the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Seung Lee ◽  
Taylor Griffith ◽  
Sohee Park
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
North American ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Bodily self-disturbances are highly salient to the phenomenology of schizophrenia (SZ) but difficult to quantify owing to the subjective nature of these experiences that challenge verbal descriptions. The Benson et al. [PsyCh J. 2019 Mar;8(1):110–21] Body Disturbances Inventory (B-BODI) provides visual aids to help participants access the frequency, distressfulness, and vividness of subjective self-experiences with good reliability and validity in North American samples. However, the concept of the self and, accordingly, the conceptualization of self-disorders are influenced by culture. Therefore, we examined self-disturbances in individuals with SZ and control (CO) participants in 2 distinct cultures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> B-BODI was administered to South Korean and North American participants, with and without SZ. Severity of symptoms in diagnosed individuals with SZ and schizotypy in CO was assessed. We also assessed perceived social isolation and mood in all participants. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Endorsement and frequency of bodily self-disturbances in SZ were similar in both cultures. In contrast, there were significant cultural differences in the degree of distress and vividness of self-disturbances. Bodily self-disturbances were experienced as more vivid and distressing to Americans than Koreans, regardless of diagnosis. For both cultures, B-BODI scores were associated with positive, but not negative, symptoms in SZ. For CO, elevated schizotypy was associated with B-BODI scores. Mood and loneliness were not associated with B-BODI scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SZ reported overall increased levels of bodily self-disturbances compared with CO, regardless of culture. However, there were cultural differences in one’s emotional reaction to these experiences. Americans were more distressed by self-disturbances and experienced them more vividly than Koreans. These findings suggest that Americans may be less accepting of anomalous bodily self-experiences relative to Koreans. Last, B-BODI appears to be a useful tool for future cross-cultural studies of SZ phenomenology.

scholarly journals Multiculturalism, Diversity and Containment on MuchMusic (Canada) and MTV (US)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Pegley
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Multicultural Practices ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cultural Media

Since MTV and MuchMusic were launched in 1981 and 1984 respectively, both stations have been commended for their racially diverse video repertoires. As Homi Bhabha has observed, however, "multicultural" practices that encourage diversity should also be examined for simultaneous modes of containment and control (Bhabha, "The Third Space," 208). This analysis of both stations' video programming and rotation schedules from late 1995 suggests that as they expanded their repertories they established unique, carefully controlled, nationally-inflected relationships between dominant and marginalized musical traditions. Using examples by Euro-American and African diasporic performers, I explore how multiculturalism appears to be "celebrated" on MuchMusic and MTV while Western and non-Western representations are negotiated such that ethnocentric norms, which pervade North American cultural media, are never contested.

scholarly journals Megadroughts in Southwestern North America in ECHO-G Millennial Simulations and Their Comparison to Proxy Drought Reconstructions*

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 7635-7649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloan Coats ◽  
Jason E. Smerdon ◽  
Richard Seager ◽  
Benjamin I. Cook ◽  
J. F. González-Rouco
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract Simulated hydroclimate variability in millennium-length forced transient and control simulations from the ECHAM and the global Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation (ECHO-G) coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) is analyzed and compared to 1000 years of reconstructed Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) variability from the North American Drought Atlas (NADA). The ability of the model to simulate megadroughts in the North American southwest is evaluated. (NASW: 25°–42.5°N, 125°–105°W). Megadroughts in the ECHO-G AOGCM are found to be similar in duration and magnitude to those estimated from the NADA. The droughts in the forced simulation are not, however, temporally synchronous with those in the paleoclimate record, nor are there significant differences between the drought features simulated in the forced and control runs. These results indicate that model-simulated megadroughts can result from internal variability of the modeled climate system rather than as a response to changes in exogenous forcings. Although the ECHO-G AOGCM is capable of simulating megadroughts through persistent La Niña–like conditions in the tropical Pacific, other mechanisms can produce similarly extreme NASW moisture anomalies in the model. In particular, the lack of low-frequency coherence between NASW soil moisture and simulated modes of climate variability like the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation, and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation during identified drought periods suggests that stochastic atmospheric variability can contribute significantly to the occurrence of simulated megadroughts in the NASW. These findings indicate that either an expanded paradigm is needed to understand multidecadal hydroclimate variability in the NASW or AOGCMs may incorrectly simulate the strength and/or dynamics of the connection between NASW hydroclimate variability and the tropical Pacific.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document