scholarly journals Identification of novel inhibitory metabolites and impact verification on growth and protein synthesis in mammalian cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e00182
Author(s):  
Bingyu Kuang ◽  
Venkata Gayatri Dhara ◽  
Duc Hoang ◽  
Jack Jenkins ◽  
Pranay Ladiwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells

The effects of D- and L-threo-chloramphenicol on the early development of the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
F. S. Billett ◽  
Rosalba Collini ◽  
Louie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Bacterial Systems

In many bacterial systems chloramphenicol has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis (Hahn & Wisseman, 1951; Gale & Folkes, 1953). The precise mechanism of this inhibition is not clear, although the evidence suggests that the interaction of the soluble RNA-amino acid complex with the ribosomes is prevented because the attachment of the messenger RNA to the ribosomes is itself impaired (Lacks & Gros, 1959; Nathans & Lipman, 1961; Jardetsky & Julian, 1964; Julian & Jardetsky, 1964). In contrast to its effect on bacterial systems, chloramphenicol has been reported to have little or no action on the protein synthesis by cell-free extracts of mammalian cells (Rendi, 1959; Ehrenstein & Lipmann, 1961). A basis for this resistance has been proposed by Vazquez (1964), who finds that whereas bacterial ribosomes bind chloramphenicol, ribosomes from other organisms do not. Nevertheless, it cannot be stated with any confidence that chloramphenicol has no effect on the protein synthesis of animal cells.

mRNA encoding WAVE–Arp2/3-associated proteins is co-localized with foci of active protein synthesis at the leading edge of MRC5 fibroblasts during cell migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 452 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Willett ◽  
Michele Brocard ◽  
Hilary J. Pollard ◽  
Simon J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Syndrome Protein

During cell spreading, mammalian cells migrate using lamellipodia formed from a large dense branched actin network which produces the protrusive force required for leading edge advancement. The formation of lamellipodia is a dynamic process and is dependent on a variety of protein cofactors that mediate their local regulation, structural characteristics and dynamics. In the present study, we show that mRNAs encoding some structural and regulatory components of the WAVE [WASP (Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein) verprolin homologous] complex are localized to the leading edge of the cell and associated with sites of active translation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that steady-state levels of ArpC2 and Rac1 proteins increase at the leading edge during cell spreading, suggesting that localized protein synthesis has a pivotal role in controlling cell spreading and migration.

Permeabilized Mammalian Cells as a System for Protein Synthesis

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Stapulionis ◽  
Murray P. Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells

Adenovirus E1A requires synthesis of a cellular protein to establish a stable transcription complex in injected Xenopus laevis oocytes

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3049-3056
Author(s):  
J D Richter ◽  
H C Hurst ◽  
N C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Adenovirus E1a ◽  
High Level

The Escherichia coli-expressed adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA product injected into Xenopus oocytes was active, as assessed by its ability to stimulate the transcription of an injected gene which is normally responsive to E1A in mammalian cells. In the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitors pactamycin or cycloheximide, E1A was correctly posttranslationally modified (phosphorylated) and transported to the nucleus; but it failed to stimulate the transcription of an injected gene containing the human heat shock protein 70 promoter. The basal (unstimulated) level of transcription of the gene was unaffected by these inhibitors. If oocytes were cultured in the presence of cycloheximide after E1A stimulated transcription, however, the high level of transcription was maintained for several hours without new protein synthesis. Results of competition studies with the same promoter (the heat shock protein 70 promoter) linked to two marked genes demonstrated that once the induction of transcription by E1A took place, the stimulated levels of transcription were maintained, even when they were challenged with excess competitor DNA. Results of these studies suggest that E1A requires the synthesis of a cellular protein to form a stable transcription complex.

scholarly journals Translation elongation factor 2 depletion by siRNA in mouse liver leads to mTOR-independent translational upregulation of ribosomal protein genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Gerashchenko ◽  
Mikhail V. Nesterchuk ◽  
Elena M. Smekalova ◽  
Joao A. Paulo ◽  
Piotr S. Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Factor 2

Abstract Due to breakthroughs in RNAi and genome editing methods in the past decade, it is now easier than ever to study fine details of protein synthesis in animal models. However, most of our understanding of translation comes from unicellular organisms and cultured mammalian cells. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of perturbing protein synthesis in a mouse liver by targeting translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) with RNAi. We were able to achieve over 90% knockdown efficacy and maintain it for 2 weeks effectively slowing down the rate of translation elongation. As the total protein yield declined, both proteomics and ribosome profiling assays showed robust translational upregulation of ribosomal proteins relative to other proteins. Although all these genes bear the TOP regulatory motif, the branch of the mTOR pathway responsible for translation regulation was not activated. Paradoxically, coordinated translational upregulation of ribosomal proteins only occurred in the liver but not in murine cell culture. Thus, the upregulation of ribosomal transcripts likely occurred via passive mTOR-independent mechanisms. Impaired elongation sequesters ribosomes on mRNA and creates a shortage of free ribosomes. This leads to preferential translation of transcripts with high initiation rates such as ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, severe eEF2 shortage reduces the negative impact of positively charged amino acids frequent in ribosomal proteins on ribosome progression.

scholarly journals Ribosome profiling reveals a functional role for autophagy in mRNA translational control

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Goldsmith ◽  
Timothy Marsh ◽  
Saurabh Asthana ◽  
Andrew M. Leidal ◽  
Deepthisri Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Damage Repair

AbstractAutophagy promotes protein degradation, and therefore has been proposed to maintain amino acid pools to sustain protein synthesis during metabolic stress. To date, how autophagy influences the protein synthesis landscape in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize ribosome profiling to delineate the effects of genetic ablation of the autophagy regulator, ATG12, on translational control. In mammalian cells, genetic loss of autophagy does not impact global rates of cap dependent translation, even under starvation conditions. Instead, autophagy supports the translation of a subset of mRNAs enriched for cell cycle control and DNA damage repair. In particular, we demonstrate that autophagy enables the translation of the DNA damage repair protein BRCA2, which is functionally required to attenuate DNA damage and promote cell survival in response to PARP inhibition. Overall, our findings illuminate that autophagy impacts protein translation and shapes the protein landscape.

Regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Fan ◽  
Sheldon Penman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells

scholarly journals Measles Virus N Protein Inhibits Host Translation by Binding to eIF3-p40

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 11569-11576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Munemitsu Masuda ◽  
Moeko Kanai ◽  
Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara ◽  
Misako Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Human T Cell

ABSTRACT The nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genome of measles virus (MV) is encapsidated by the virus-encoded nucleocapsid protein (N). In this study, we searched for N-binding cellular proteins by using MV-N as bait and screening the human T-cell cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid assay and isolated the p40 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3-p40) as a binding partner. The interaction between MV-N and eIF3-p40 in mammalian cells was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Since eIF3-p40 is a translation initiation factor, we analyzed the potential inhibitory effect of MV-N on protein synthesis. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fused MV-N (GST-N) inhibited translation of reporter mRNAs in rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system in a dose-dependent manner. Encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation, which requires canonical initiation factors to initiate translation, was also inhibited by GST-N. In contrast, a unique form of translation mediated by the intergenic region of Plautia stali intestine virus, which can assemble 80S ribosomes in the absence of canonical initiation factors, was scarcely affected by GST-N. In vivo expression of MV-N induced by the Cre/loxP switching system inhibited the synthesis of a transfected reporter protein, as well as overall protein synthesis. These results suggest that MV-N targets eIF3-p40 and may be involved in inhibiting MV-induced host translation.

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