GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF CLARIA CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPNUS B., 1822) AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWING WITH ADDITION OF CHICTONIC IN FEED

The paper presents the results of an experiment to assess the effect of different concentrations of vitamin-amino acid complex "Chiktonik" on the growth rate and survival of young African clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus B., 1822) after various stressful situations, for keeping fish in aquaculture. In the experiment, the stressful situation for fish arose due to significant fluctuations in the content of ammonia, nitrites and nitrates in the aquatic environment of a closed recirculation aquasystem, which kept larvae and fry of Clarya catfish during the start of the biological filter, before establishing biological equilibrium in the system. Based on the analysis of sources of scientific and technical information, it was found that the drug "Chiktonik" for more than 10 years is used in animal husbandry to normalize metabolism in animals with unbalanced feeding, after stress, mycotoxin poisoning and antibiotic treatment. This information gave rise to the assumption of the possibility of using the drug in aquaculture, for the same purposes. A series of experiments was performed in a closed recirculating aquasystem, during which the effect of different concentrations of the drug "Chiktonik" in fish feed on larvae and fry of Clarya catfish was tested. It was found that the addition of the drug at the rate of 1 ml per 1 kg of feed accelerates the growth of fish in the experimental variants, compared with the control. Experimental use of high doses of the drug (5, 15, 30 and 45 ml/kg of feed) initially led to inhibition of weight gain of fish, but 10-30 days after the experiment, the growth rate of the experimental material was equal to that of the control group of fish and even exceeded control in the future. The positive effect of vitamin-amino acid complex "Chiktonik" on the survival of young Clarya catfish at the end of the larval period of life and in the early stages of the fry period was established. In an experiment with older fish, which were fully formed fry, such an effect from the use of the drug was not observed: the survival of the fish was at the same level, both in the experiment and in the control. At the same time, it was found that the fry respond less well to high doses of the drug, compared with adult larvae. Thus, the growth rate of fry after the use of high doses of the drug was not equal to that of fish from the control group within a month after the end of the experiment, in contrast to younger fish. In general, the feasibility and safety of the drug "Chiktonik" for young Claria catfish as a feed additive at a dose of 1 ml / kg of fish feed has been proven. It is considered promising to continue research in this direction, using as research material fish of older age groups, including - repair and breeding stock of Claria catfish.

Evaluation of the molecular response of corpora lutea to manganese–amino acid complex supplementation in gilts

Porcine pregnancy establishment and maintenance are dependent on the formation of functional corpora lutea (CL). Manganese (Mn) is critical for CL function as it is a cofactor for Mn superoxide dismutase and enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Previously, we have shown that luteal Mn content increased and luteal progesterone (P4) concentration decreased in the CL of gilts fed diets supplemented with an Mn–amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) compared with controls fed Mn sulfate. Importantly, serum P4 increased from 0 (estrus onset) to 12 d post estrus (dpe), as expected, but P4 abundance in circulation was not affected by dietary Mn source (P = 0.15). We hypothesized that a more bioavailable Mn source (which results in increased luteal Mn content) would alter the luteal proteome and abundance of mRNA associated with steroid biogenesis during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Postpubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of the four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) contained 20 ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2), or 60 (TRT3) ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of a Mn–amino acid complex instead of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization (approximately 20 d before estrus) and continued through 12 dpe when gilts were euthanized and tissues were collected. Protein and total RNA extracts from the CL were used for proteomic analysis via label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to assess global protein abundance and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess specific mRNA abundance, respectively. Compared with CON, 188, 382, and 401 proteins were differentially abundant (P < 0.10) in TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment software revealed that proteins involved in P4 signaling and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in CL of gilts fed Mn–amino acid complex compared with controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that relative transcript abundance of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and StAR) in CL tissue was decreased in gilts from TRT2 compared with CON (P = 0.02), but TRT1 and TRT3 were not affected (P ≥ 0.30). Collectively, these data support our hypothesis that a more bioavailable dietary Mn source may influence luteal function by altering the abundance of protein and mRNA involved in steroidogenesis.

Identification of the Target for a Transition Metal-α-Amino Acid Complex Antibiotic Against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Spontaneous mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis strain mc2155 resistant to 1-PG (iridium-L-phenylglycine complex), an antimycobacterial antibiotic, were isolated. Based on the discovery that some 1-PG-resistant mutants (1-PGR) were also resistant to high concentrations of clarithromycin (≥250 μg/ml), but no other anti-mycobacterial antibiotics, the 23S rRNA region spanning the peptidyl transferase domain was sequenced and mutations shown to be localized in the peptidyl transferase domain of the 23S rRNA gene. Measurements showed that 1-PG bound to ribosomes isolated from the 1-PG-sensitive parental strain, but the ribosome binding values for the 1-PGR mutant reduced.

Iron(II) reactions with glycine – suitable biomineralization model?

The reactions of Mohr’s salt with amino acid glycine in aqueous solution and aerobic conditions were studied and obtained samples consist of different compounds. The obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and the iron determination also and exhibited very low organic matter content – the sum of N, C, H and S content less than 20 % and Fe content around 40 %. Prepared samples consist of iron(II) amino acid complex [Fe(glyH)(SO4)]n, known as iron food supplement (FeGS) as the only sulphur containing compound. Its content varies from 26 % up to 46 %. Ferrous glycinate was obtained in the samples collected initially after the reaction in very low content < 7 %. Iron(III) hydroxy-oxide FeO(OH) was obtained in the range 40 – 65 %. The FeO(OH) content increased with the decreasing FeGS content. Formation of inorganic FeO(OH) suggest the ongoing redox reaction under aerobic condition therefore, it is suggested as a biomineralization reaction model.

EFFECTS OF THE AMINO ACID COMPLEX "VITAAMIN" ON THE BIOCHEMICAL PA-RAMETERS OF THE BLOOD OF MICE

The effect of the amino acid complex "VitaAmin" on the biochemical parameters of white mongrel mice in different dosages was studied. The experience is organized in a vivarium at the Department of Surgery, Obstetrics, Pharmacology and Therapy for 60 days. 4 groups of 10 mice were formed: the 1st group (control) did not receive "Vitaamine", the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups addi-tionally administered "Vitaamine" in dosages: 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 ml per head once a day. The experi-ment involved 40 white mice. Analysis of the results showed that it is better to feed the amino acid complex "VitaAmin" as an additive to the diet in the range of 0.02-0.04 ml per head once a day. This rate of feeding the drug is safe and most effective. The use of a dosage of 0.06 ml / head / day contributes to a more intense work of the liver of animals and a violation of the structure of its cells, has a toxic effect on the body of mice.

Analysis of changes in hematological indexes and essential trace elements metabolism under the using of vitamin-amino acid complex

It has been established that the level of blood parameters in the body of sheep is not always stable and often depends on the breed, sex, their physiological state, the level of productivity, feeding and housing conditions. Among the factors that determine the optimal sheep nutritional level, not the last place is occupied by their provision with a sufficient amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine, methionine, cystine, and vitamins, given their physiological importance for the animal body. The overwhelming amount of them is able to be synthesized in the sheep rumen with the help of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, however, some of them are irreplaceable, that is, those whose balance must be replenished through feed rations. The article describes the use of the vitamin-amino acid complex "Аlphabet for Animals" in sheep, containing a complex of fat-and water-soluble vitamins, as well as amino acids, which contribute to the normalization of metabolism in the body of small ruminants, increase its resistance, have a positive effect on productivity, safety and reproductive animals functions. During the research, the effect of this feed additive on hemocytopoiesis and the exchange of essential micronutrients in ewes were studied. After a double use of the additive, an increase in the processes of erythrocytopoiesis was established, as evidenced by an increase in the number of blood erythrocytes by 21.2% and the hemoglobin content by 11.2%, stabilization of the size and degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin, as evidenced by a decrease in MCH and MCV indices. There were no significant changes in the content of essential micronutrients in the blood serum of sheep under the influence of the "Alphabet for Animals", and a slight increase of zinc content in the blood was noted in sheep after the second injection of the drug. At the same time, in the blood of experimental animals group a significant increase the iron content on average up to 129.5±7.33 μg/100 ml (p<0.05) was established, and the number of animals with a low amount of blood iron was only 12.5 %. The number of leukocytes in the sheep blood of both groups was within the normal range and during the second and third blood tests did not change significantly. Key words: sheep, feeding, feed additives, amino acids, vitamins, hemocytopoiesis, essential micronutrients.

Impact of manganese amino acid complex on tissue specific trace mineral distribution and corpus luteum function in gilts

Functional corpora lutea (CL) are required for pregnancy establishment and gestational maintenance in swine, and CL function is susceptible to environmental influences. Manganese (Mn) could be critical in regulating CL function since it is a component of the antioxidant enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as well as enzymes involved in cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis. We hypothesized that a more bioavailable dietary Mn source would increase Mn content in the CL thereby influencing luteal function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Post-pubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) met or exceeded NRC (2012) requirements and was formulated to contain 20 ppm of added Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2) or 60 (TRT3) ppm of added Mn from a Mn-amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) instead of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization onset and continued through 12 days post estrus (dpe) of the ensuing estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected at estrus onset, which was assigned as 0 dpe, as well as 4, 8, and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized and tissues were collected at 12 dpe. Serum progesterone (P4) increased (P &lt; 0.01) from 0 to 12 dpe but was unaffected by dietary treatment (P = 0.15) and there was no effect of the interaction between day and treatment (P = 0.85). Luteal Mn content increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 19, 21 and 24% in gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, compared to CON. Luteal P4 concentrations decreased (P = 0.03) 25, 26, and 32% in gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, compared to CON. Relative to CON gilts, CL calcium content decreased (P = 0.02) by 36, 24 and 34% for TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3 gilts, respectively. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that feeding a more bioavailable Mn source increases Mn accumulation in CL tissue. If and how this influences CL function may be related to altered luteal P4 concentrations.