scholarly journals Cross-reactivity of antibody responses to Borrelia afzelii OspC: Asymmetry and host heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 104793
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Nouri ◽  
Neus Latorre-Margalef ◽  
Agnieszka Czopek ◽  
Lars Råberg
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Borrelia Afzelii ◽  
Host Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hamady ◽  
JinJu Lee ◽  
Zuzanna A. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Abstract Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the continuing surge in incidence and mortality globally, determining whether protective, long-term immunity develops after initial infection or vaccination has become critical. Methods/Results In this narrative review, we evaluate the latest understanding of antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and to other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the four endemic human coronaviruses) in order to predict the consequences of antibody waning on long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We summarise their antibody dynamics, including the potential effects of cross-reactivity and antibody waning on vaccination and other public health strategies. At present, based on our comparison with other coronaviruses we estimate that natural antibody-mediated protection for SARS-CoV-2 is likely to last for 1–2 years and therefore, if vaccine-induced antibodies follow a similar course, booster doses may be required. However, other factors such as memory B- and T-cells and new viral strains will also affect the duration of both natural and vaccine-mediated immunity. Conclusion Overall, antibody titres required for protection are yet to be established and inaccuracies of serological methods may be affecting this. We expect that with standardisation of serological testing and studies with longer follow-up, the implications of antibody waning will become clearer.

T-cell and antibody responses to phospholipase A2 from different species show distinct cross-reactivity patterns

Allergy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Sin ◽  
M. Akdis ◽  
J. Zumkehr ◽  
S. Bezzine ◽  
C. Bekpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals Persistence and decay of human antibody responses to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (52) ◽  
pp. eabe0367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S. Iyer ◽  
Forrest K. Jones ◽  
Ariana Nodoushani ◽  
Meagan Kelly ◽  
Margaret Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Recent Infection

We measured plasma and/or serum antibody responses to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 343 North American patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (of which 93% required hospitalization) up to 122 days after symptom onset and compared them to responses in 1548 individuals whose blood samples were obtained prior to the pandemic. After setting seropositivity thresholds for perfect specificity (100%), we estimated sensitivities of 95% for IgG, 90% for IgA, and 81% for IgM for detecting infected individuals between 15 and 28 days after symptom onset. While the median time to seroconversion was nearly 12 days across all three isotypes tested, IgA and IgM antibodies against RBD were short-lived with median times to seroreversion of 71 and 49 days after symptom onset. In contrast, anti-RBD IgG responses decayed slowly through 90 days with only 3 seropositive individuals seroreverting within this time period. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 RBD were strongly correlated with anti-S neutralizing antibody titers, which demonstrated little to no decrease over 75 days since symptom onset. We observed no cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies with other widely circulating coronaviruses (HKU1, 229 E, OC43, NL63). These data suggest that RBD-targeted antibodies are excellent markers of previous and recent infection, that differential isotype measurements can help distinguish between recent and older infections, and that IgG responses persist over the first few months after infection and are highly correlated with neutralizing antibodies.

scholarly journals Conformational diversity facilitates antibody mutation trajectories and discrimination between foreign and self-antigens

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22341-22350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Burnett ◽  
Peter Schofield ◽  
David B. Langley ◽  
Jennifer Jackson ◽  
Katherine Bourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Conformational Diversity ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
Complementarity Determining Regions ◽  
Self Antigen

Conformational diversity and self-cross-reactivity of antigens have been correlated with evasion from neutralizing antibody responses. We utilized single cell B cell sequencing, biolayer interferometry and X-ray crystallography to trace mutation selection pathways where the antibody response must resolve cross-reactivity between foreign and self-proteins bearing near-identical contact surfaces, but differing in conformational flexibility. Recurring antibody mutation trajectories mediate long-range rearrangements of framework (FW) and complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that increase binding site conformational diversity. These antibody mutations decrease affinity for self-antigen 19-fold and increase foreign affinity 67-fold, to yield a more than 1,250-fold increase in binding discrimination. These results demonstrate how conformational diversity in antigen and antibody does not act as a barrier, as previously suggested, but rather facilitates high affinity and high discrimination between foreign and self.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Immunological Reactivity of a Recombinant HSP60 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Cunha ◽  
Roseli M. Zancopé-Oliveira ◽  
M. Sueli ◽  
S. Felipe ◽  
Silvia M. Salem-Izacc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recombinant Antigens

ABSTRACT The complete coding cDNA of HSP60 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was overexpressed in an Escherichia coli host to produce high levels of recombinant protein. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography. A total of 169 human serum samples were tested for reactivity by Western blot analysis with the purified HSP60 recombinant protein. Immunoblots indicated that the recombinant P. brasiliensis HSP60 was recognized by antibodies in 72 of 75 sera from paracoccidioidomycosis patients. No cross-reactivity was detected with individual sera from patients with aspergillosis, sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, and tuberculosis. Reactivity to HSP60 was observed in sera from 9.52% of control healthy individuals and 11.5% of patients with histoplasmosis. The high sensitivity and specificity (97.3 and 92.5%, respectively) for HSP60 suggested that the recombinant protein can be used singly or in association with other recombinant antigens to detect antibody responses in P. brasiliensis-infected patients.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Bile-Tolerant Helicobacter Species in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases, a Randomized Population Group, and Healthy Blood Donors

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1160-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ananieva ◽  
Ingrid Nilsson ◽  
Tamara Vorobjova ◽  
Raivo Uibo ◽  
Torkel Wadström
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Bile-tolerant Helicobacter species such as Helicobacter pullorum, Helicobacter bilis, and Helicobacter hepaticus are associated with hepatic disorders in animals and may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases (CLD) in humans. Antibody responses to cell surface proteins of H. pullorum, H. bilis, and H. hepaticus in serum samples from patients with CLD, a randomized population group, and healthy blood donors were evaluated by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared with the antibody responses to Helicobacter pylori. For analysis of a possible cross-reactivity between bile-tolerant Helicobacter species and H. pylori, sera from a subpopulation of each group were absorbed with a whole-cell extract of H. pylori and retested by ELISA. Results before absorption showed that the mean value of the ELISA units for H. pullorum was significantly higher in patients with CLD than in healthy blood donors (P = 0.01). Antibody reactivity to cell surface protein of H. hepaticus was also significantly higher in the CLD patients than in the healthy blood donors and the population group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). Following the absorption, antibody responses to H. pullorum decreased significantly in all three groups (P = 0.0001 for CLD patients, P = 0.0005 for the population group, and P < 0.0001 for the blood donors), indicating that cross-reactivity between H. pylori and other Helicobacter spp. occurs. The antibody responses to H. hepaticus and H. bilis in CLD patients remained high following absorption experiments compared to ELISA results before absorption. The significance of this finding requires further investigations.

scholarly journals Adenovirus Type 4 and 7 Vaccination or Adenovirus Type 4 Respiratory Infection Elicits Minimal Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to Nonhuman Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paris ◽  
Robert A. Kuschner ◽  
Leonard Binn ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Stefano Colloca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Vectors ◽  
Adenovirus Vaccine ◽  
Reactive Antibody

ABSTRACTAntivector immunity may limit the immunogenicity of adenovirus vector vaccines. We tested sera from individuals immunized with adenovirus type 4 and 7 (Ad4 and Ad7, respectively) vaccine or naturally infected with Ad4 for their ability to neutralize a panel of E1-deleted human and chimpanzee adenoviruses (ChAd). Small statistically significant increases in titers to ChAd63, ChAd3, human Ad35, and human Ad5 were observed. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by Ad4 infection or immunization results in a small amount of adenovirus cross-reactivity.

Cross-reactivity and avidity of antibody responses induced in humans by the oral inactivated multivalent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine ETVAX

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (32) ◽  
pp. 3966-3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Leach ◽  
Anna Lundgren ◽  
Nils Carlin ◽  
Madeleine Löfstrand ◽  
Ann-Mari Svennerholm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

scholarly journals The use of hyperimmune chicken reference sera is not appropriate for the validation of influenza pseudotype neutralization assays

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferrara ◽  
Eleonora Molesti ◽  
Simon Scott ◽  
Giovanni Cattoli ◽  
Nigel Temperton
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Protein Homology ◽  
Serological Assay ◽  
The Cross

AbstractPseudotype particle neutralization (pp-NT) is a next-generation serological assay employed for the sensitive study of influenza antibody responses, especially haemagglutinin stalk-directed antibodies. However, to date a validation of this assay has not been performed, and this limits its use to primarily research laboratories. To identify possible serological standards to be used in optimization and validation of the pp-NT, we have evaluated the cross-reactivity of hyperimmune chicken reference antisera in this assay. Our findings show that the cross-reactivity detected by the pp-NT assay is only in part explained by phylogenetic relationships and protein homology between the HA subtypes analysed; further studies are necessary to understand the origin of the cross-reactivity detected, and reference standards with higher specificity should be evaluated or generated de novo for future use in pp-NT.

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