Long-term flue gas exposure effects of silica membranes on porous steel substrate

2010 ◽  
Vol 359 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Brands ◽  
David Uhlmann ◽  
Simon Smart ◽  
Martin Bram ◽  
João C. Diniz da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Gas Exposure

scholarly journals Effects of long-term flue gas exposure on chemical-structural properties of South African coals: perspective on advanced analytical techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Major Mabuza ◽  
Kasturie Premlall ◽  
Michael O. Daramola
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Exposure

Abstract The sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in unmineable coal seams is one of the geologic options earmarked to alleviate the emissions of the greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Direct flue gas injection into unmineable coal seams has been considered to partially offset the cost of the utilizing this technology. This paper presents findings of the evolution of chemical structural properties of two South African coals from Somkhele (Coal SML) and Ermelo (Coal EML) coalfields after long-term (2 232 hours) flue gas exposure by applying advanced analytical techniques. The two coal samples were exposed to a synthetic flue gas simulating coal-fired power plant gas emissions containing 12% CO 2 , 5.5% O 2 , 82% N 2 , 0.38% SO 2 , and 0.12% NO 2 under in-seam temperature and pressure conditions of 60 °C and 9.0 MPa, respectively. The advanced analytical techniques applied included universal attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (UATRFTIR), carbon-13 solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C ss NMR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). The UATR-FTIR spectra revealed weakened C─H, aliphatic C─C, C─O, ─OH, and out-of-plane aromatic C─H functional groups. The results from the treated coals of 13 C ss NMR for the structural parameters show notable changes in the oxygen functionalities reporting the aliphatic carbon bonded to oxygen, 𝑓 𝑎𝑙 𝑂 , while the WAXRD data showed some significant changes in the inter-layer spacing and the crystalline diameter as compared to the untreated coals.

Deactivation Characteristics of SCR Catalyst at Different Stages in Coal-Fired Flue Gas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Xu ◽  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Yungang Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Qinxin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Deactivation Of Catalyst ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deactivation Mechanism

Through analyzing the impact of the factors of catalyst deactivation, different factors are classified according to timeliness characteristics. In this research, experiments were made under the condition of coal combustion flue gas on a coal-fired boiler to study the characteristics of the early deactivation of the SCR catalyst. Analysis shows that the main cause of early deactivation of catalyst is chemical poisoning (mainly alkali metal) and pores clogging on the surface of the catalyst. While the main cause of long-term deactivation is deeper chemical poisoning, pores clogging and the chemical form changes of elements on the surface of the catalyst. Through analyzing the influence of the factors of catalyst deactivation, separate factors are classified according to timeliness characteristics. This research provides a strong fundamental support to clear the deactivation mechanism of the SCR catalyst.

scholarly journals Long-term operation of carbon dioxide capture system from a real coal-fired flue gas using dry regenerable potassium-based sorbents

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1235-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Cheol Park ◽  
Sung-Ho Jo ◽  
Chong Kul Ryu ◽  
Chang-Keun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Term Operation

Chlorine Gas Exposure and the Lung: A Review

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Das ◽  
Paul D. Blanc
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environmental Releases ◽  
Gas Exposure

We conducted a review of the literature detailing the respiratory effects of chlorine, an extremely important but toxic halogen. Historically, the heaviest mass inhalational exposures to chlorine resulted from World War I gassing. Currently potential human exposure to chlorine inhalation occurs in a variety of settings in the workplace, as a result of inadvertent environmental releases, and even in the home due to household cleaning mishaps. Chlorine species are highly reactive; tissue injury results from exposure to chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, or chloramines. Acute, high level exposure to chlorine gas in occupational or environmental settings results in a variety of dose-related lung effects ranging from respiratory mucus membrane irritation to pulmonary edema. Pulmonary function testing can reveal either obstructive or restrictive deficits immediately following exposure, with resolution over time in the majority of cases. However, some of those exposed may demonstrate long-term persistent obstructive or restrictive pulmonary deficits or increased nonspecific airway reactivity after high level exposure to chlorine gas. Symptoms and signs following inhalation of mixtures of chlorine-containing cleaners in the home are similar to those after occupational exposures and environmental releases. Although generally less severe, these events may be extremely common. Controlled human exposure data suggest that some subjects may be more responsive to the effects of chlorine gas; epidemiologic data also indicate that certain subpopulations (e.g., smokers) may be at greater risk of adverse outcome after chlorine inhalation. Although these findings are intriguing, additional study is needed to belter delineate the risk factors that predispose toward the development of long-term pulmonary sequelae following chlorine gas exposure.

Long-Term Bonding Strength between Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Polymer Cement Mortar

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 1348-1351
Author(s):  
Ru Mu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Wen Ling Tian ◽  
Wei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Bonding Performance

The uncertainty of long-term bonding strength of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum and cement based construction materials is the major issue impeding the application of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum in construction. A polymer cement mortar is suggested to get high bonding quality with flue gas desulfurization building gypsum. Long-term bonding observation has been carried out to verify the bonding performance of suggested polymer cement mortar with flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The results show that the bonding strength is up to 3.0MPa, and the bonding between them is durable.

scholarly journals Investigation on Microstructure, Nanohardness and Corrosion Response of Laser Cladded Colmonoy-6 Particles on 316L Steel Substrate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Jeyaprakash Natarajan ◽  
Che-Hua Yang ◽  
Sundara Subramanian Karuppasamy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Corrosion Resistance Property ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Eis Analysis ◽  
Stable Passive

316L steel is predominantly used in manufacturing the components of high-pressure boilers, heat exchangers, aerospace engines, oil and gas refineries, etc. Its notable percentage of chromium offers resistance against corrosion and is mostly implemented in harsh environments. However, long-term exposure to these components in such environments can reduce their corrosion resistance property. Particularly at high temperatures, the oxide film formed on this type of steel reacts with the chloride, sulfides, sulfates, fluorides and forms intermetallic compounds which affect its resistance, followed by failures and losses. This work is focused on investigating the hardness, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the laser cladded Colmonoy-6 particles on the 316L steel substrate. The cladded specimens were dissected into cubic shapes and the microstructure present in the cladded region was effectively analyzed using the FESEM along with the corresponding EDS mapping. For evaluating the hardness of the cladded samples, the nanoindentation technique was performed using the TI980 TriboIndenter and the values were measured. The potentiodynamic polarization curves were plotted for both the substrate and clad samples at 0, 18, 42 and 70 h for revealing the corrosion resistance behavior. In addition, the EIS analysis was carried out to further confirm the resistance offered by the samples. The surface roughness morphology was evaluated after the corrosion process using the laser microscope, and the roughness values were measured and compared with the substrate samples. The result showed that the cladded samples experience greater hardness, lower values of surface roughness and provide better corrosion resistance when compared with substrate samples. This is due to the deposition of precipitates of chromium-rich carbide and borides that enhances the above properties and forms a stable passive film that resists corrosion during the corrosion process.

scholarly journals Characterization Of Oxide Layers Formed On 13CrMo4-5 Steel Operated For A Long Time At An Elevated Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1783-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gwoździk
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Oxide Layers ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Long Time ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 13CrMo4-5 (15HM) steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner and outer surface of the tube wall. The 13CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 470°C during 190,000 hours was investigated. X-ray structural examinations (XRD) were carried out, microscope observation s using an optical, scanning microscope were performed. The native material chemical composition was analysed by means of emission spark spectroscopy, while that of oxide layers on a scanning microscope (EDS). The studies on the topography of the oxide layers comprised studies on the roughness plane, which were carried out using a AFM microscope designed for 2D and 3D studies on the surface. Mechanical properties of the oxide layer – steel (substrate) were characterised on the basis of scratch test. The adhesion of oxide layers, friction force, friction coefficient, scratching depth were determined as well as the force at which the layer was delaminated.

scholarly journals Field Test Program for Long-Term Operation of a COHPAC System for Removing Mercury from Coal-Fired Flue Gas

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bustard ◽  
Charles Lindsey ◽  
Paul Brignac ◽  
Travis Starns ◽  
Sharon Sjostrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Term Operation
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