scholarly journals Salmonella effector driven invasion of the gut epithelium: breaking in and setting the house on fire

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Stefan A Fattinger ◽  
Mikael E Sellin ◽  
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Gut Epithelium

scholarly journals Taking a Step Back: Insights into the Mechanisms Regulating Gut Epithelial Dedifferentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7043
Author(s):  
Shaida Ouladan ◽  
Alex Gregorieff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Despite the environmental constraints imposed upon the intestinal epithelium, this tissue must perform essential functions such as nutrient absorption and hormonal regulation, while also acting as a critical barrier to the outside world. These functions depend on a variety of specialized cell types that are constantly renewed by a rapidly proliferating population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing at the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn. The niche components and signals regulating crypt morphogenesis and maintenance of homeostatic ISCs have been intensely studied over the last decades. Increasingly, however, researchers are turning their attention to unraveling the mechanisms driving gut epithelial regeneration due to physical damage or infection. It is now well established that injury to the gut barrier triggers major cell fate changes, demonstrating the highly plastic nature of the gut epithelium. In particular, lineage tracing and transcriptional profiling experiments have uncovered several injury-induced stem-cell populations and molecular markers of the regenerative state. Despite the progress achieved in recent years, several questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding the mechanisms driving dedifferentiation of the gut epithelium. In this review, we summarize the latest studies, primarily from murine models, that define the regenerative processes governing the gut epithelium and discuss areas that will require more in-depth investigation.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and consequence of bacteria detection by the Drosophila gut epithelium

Gut Microbes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Royet ◽  
Bernard Charroux
Keyword(s):  
Bacteria Detection ◽  
Gut Epithelium

Absorption of beta-casomorphins from autoperfused lamb and piglet small intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Read ◽  
A. P. Lord ◽  
V. Brantl ◽  
G. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Kinetics Of

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) derived from milk beta-casein may exert various opiate activities in milk-fed infants. To assess the physiological significance of beta-CMs as a source of circulating opioids in infants, we measured absorption rates of several beta-CMs under near-physiological conditions using in situ autoperfused lamb intestine. The naturally occurring beta-CMs, beta-CM-7 and beta-CM-4-amide, were absorbed readily into blood with no transfer into lymph. Uptake peaked within several minutes of the luminal infusion of peptide but then declined sharply and stopped within a further 10-15 min. The recovery in blood, intestinal contents, and tissue at the end of the 30-min experiment was less than 1% of the infused dose. The low recovery was due to rapid proteolysis based on in vitro studies that demonstrated half-lives of less than 5 min in lamb blood, luminal contents, and lymph. The synthetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant analogue beta-[D-Ala2]CM- 4-amide was stable during incubation in blood, lymph, or luminal contents and was absorbed into blood at rates that were maximal within several minutes and remained steady for the 30-min period. We conclude that although natural beta-CMs are transferred across the lamb small intestine, rapid degradation within the intestinal lumen, gut epithelium, and blood would prevent entry into the circulation under normal conditions. Val-beta-CM-7, a putative stable precursor, had similar stability and kinetics of absorption to beta-CM-7, results that exclude Val-beta-CM-7 as a stable precursor for delivery of beta-CMs to the circulation. Essentially identical results to those in lambs were obtained in 7-day-old piglets.

scholarly journals The migration and loss of human primordial germ stem cells from the hind gut epithelium towards the gonadal ridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10-11-12) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Salto Mamsen ◽  
Christian Beltoft Brchner ◽  
Anne Grete Byskov ◽  
Kjeld Mllgard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Hind Gut

The Symptoms and Histopathology of Poisoning by Maneb in Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas),

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Gut Epithelium

AbstractManeb (manganous ethylene bisdithiocarhamate) applied topically to Oncopeltus fasciatus nymphs causes death after 7 to 10 days. The gross symptoms of intoxication, histopathology and effect on oxygen consumption are described. Activities such as feeding and walking are slightly reduced after 24 hours and completely inhibited after 3 to 4 days. The tissues most severely affected by the treatment are the secretory cells of the mid-gut epithelium and the cells of the Malpighian tubules. These at first show extreme vacuolization, reduction of the size of cell nuclei and finally cytolysis. Oxygen consumption in vivo is reduced by the treatment.

scholarly journals Plasma Citrulline: A New Marker of Gut Epithelium Alteration in Obese Patients?

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Benedini ◽  
Isabella Fermo ◽  
Andrea Caumo ◽  
Ileana Terruzzi ◽  
Livio Luzi
Keyword(s):  
Obese Patients ◽  
Plasma Citrulline ◽  
Gut Epithelium

scholarly journals Clr-a: A Novel Immune-Related C-Type Lectin-like Molecule Exclusively Expressed by Mouse Gut Epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 916-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Rutkowski ◽  
Stefan Leibelt ◽  
Christina Born ◽  
Miriam E. Friede ◽  
Stefan Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Epithelium
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