T cell subpopulations mediating inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus replication in mucosally infected cats

ABSTRACT The repertoire of functional CD4+ T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals remains poorly understood. To explore this issue, we have examined the clonality of CD4+ T cells in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques by assessing T-cell receptor complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) profiles and sequences. A dominance of CD4+ T cells expressing particular CDR3 sequences was identified within certain Vβ-expressing peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in the infected monkeys. Studies were then done to explore whether these dominant CD4+ T cells represented expanded antigen-specific cell subpopulations or residual cells remaining in the course of virus-induced CD4+ T-cell depletion. Sequence analysis revealed that these selected CDR3-bearing CD4+ T-cell clones emerged soon after infection and dominated the CD4+ T-cell repertoire for up to 14 months. Moreover, inoculation of chronically infected macaques with autologous SIV-infected cell lines to transiently increase plasma viral loads in the monkeys resulted in the dominance of these selected CDR3-bearing CD4+ T cells. Both the temporal association of the detection of these clonal cell populations with infection and the dominance of these cell populations following superinfection with SIV suggest that these cells may be SIV specific. Finally, the inoculation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen into SIV-infected macaques uncovered a polyclonal background underlying the few dominant CDR3-bearing CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that expandable polyclonal CD4+ T-cell subpopulations persist in these animals. These results support the notions that a chronic AIDS virus infection can induce clonal expansion, in addition to depletion of CD4+ T cells, and that some of these clones may be SIV specific.

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Neopterin estimation compared with the ratio of T-cell subpopulations in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2415 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 2415-2417 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D Fuchs ◽

M Banekovich ◽

A Hausen ◽

J Hutterer ◽

G Reibnegger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

T Cell Subpopulations ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Abstract We measured neopterin, a biochemical indicator for the activation of cell-mediated immune reactions, in urines from 105 individuals at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), 83 of whom were seropositive for antibody to HIV-1. We compared absolute numbers of T-cell subsets (CD4+ helper/inducer T-cells, CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells), and the ratio of CD4+ T-cells to CD8+ T-cells with the urinary neopterin concentrations. Concentrations of neopterin in urine were inversely correlated with absolute numbers of CD4+ T-cells and with CD4+/CD8+ ratios in anti-HIV-1 seropositive subjects but not in those seronegative. Various statistical comparisons of the data further demonstrated that neopterin concentrations showed larger differences between anti-HIV-1 seronegative and seropositive subjects than absolute numbers of CD4+ T-cells or CD4+/CD8+ ratios. These results seem to indicate that neopterin concentrations increase earlier in the course of HIV-1 infection, before effects on T-cell subpopulations are detectable, and may further support the suggestion that neopterin measurement could be of use for monitoring infected subjects or predicting the progression of disease.

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Immunopathological characteristics of in situ T-cell subpopulations in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy

Human Pathology ◽

10.1016/0046-8177(95)90142-6 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L REY

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

T Cell ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

T Cell Subpopulations

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T-Cell Receptor Vβ Repertoire CDR3 Length Diversity Differs within CD45RA and CD45RO T-Cell Subsets in Healthy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.7.6.953-959.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 953-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Zhong Chen Kou ◽

Joshua S. Puhr ◽

Mabel Rojas ◽

Wayne T. McCormack ◽

Maureen M. Goodenow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Cdr3 Length ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Tcr Repertoire ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

T Cell Subpopulations

ABSTRACT The T-cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 length heterogeneity is formed during recombination of individual Vβ gene families. We hypothesized that CDR3 length diversity could be used to assess the fundamental differences within the TCR repertoire of CD45RA and CD45RO T-cell subpopulations. By using PCR-based spectratyping, nested primers for all 24 human Vβ families were developed to amplify CDR3 lengths in immunomagnetically selected CD45RA and CD45RO subsets within both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy newborns, infants, and children, as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, were analyzed. All T-cell subsets from newborn and healthy children demonstrated a Gaussian distribution of CDR3 lengths in separated T-cell subsets. In contrast, HIV-infected children had a high proportion of predominant CDR3 lengths within both CD45RA and CD45RO T-cell subpopulations, most commonly in CD8+ CD45RO T cells. Sharp differences in clonal dominance and size distributions were observed when cells were separated into CD45RA or CD45RO subpopulations. These differences were not apparent in unfractionated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected subjects. Sequence analysis of predominant CDR3 lengths revealed oligoclonal expansion within individual Vβ families. Analysis of the CDR3 length diversity within CD45RA and CD45RO T cells provides a more accurate measure of disturbances in the TCR repertoire than analysis of unfractionated CD4 and CD8 T cells.

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Regulatory T Cell-Enhancing Therapies to Treat Atherosclerosis

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 723

Author(s):

Hafid Ait-Oufella ◽

Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand ◽

Alain Tedgui

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Coronary Patients ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

Atherosclerotic Process ◽

T Cell Subpopulations ◽

Disease Analysis

Experimental studies have provided strong evidence that chronic inflammation triggered by the sub-endothelial accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in arteries is essential in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent clinical trials highlighting the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies in coronary patients have confirmed that this is also true in humans Monocytes/macrophages are central cells in the atherosclerotic process, but adaptive immunity, through B and T lymphocytes, as well as dendritic cells, also modulates the progression of the disease. Analysis of the role of different T cell subpopulations in murine models of atherosclerosis identified effector Th1 cells as proatherogenic, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to protect against atherosclerosis. For these reasons, better understanding of how Tregs influence the atherosclerotic process is believed to provide novel Treg-targeted therapies to combat atherosclerosis. This review article summarizes current knowledge about the role of Tregs in atherosclerosis and discusses ways to enhance their function as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches against cardiovascular disease.

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Adult Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells Can Modulate T Regulatory Cells and Double Negative T Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Claudia Curci ◽

Angela Picerno ◽

Nada Chaoul ◽

Alessandra Stasi ◽

Giuseppe De Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Double Negative ◽

Chronic Injury ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Cell Subpopulations ◽

T Cell Subpopulations

Adult Renal Stem/Progenitor Cells (ARPCs) have been recently identified in the human kidney and several studies show their active role in kidney repair processes during acute or chronic injury. However, little is known about their immunomodulatory properties and their capacity to regulate specific T cell subpopulations. We co-cultured ARPCs activated by triggering Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 5 days and 15 days and studied their immunomodulatory capacity on T cell subpopulations. We found that activated-ARPCs were able to decrease T cell proliferation but did not affect CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Instead, Tregs and CD3+ CD4- CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells decreased after 5 days and increased after 15 days of co-culture. In addition, we found that PAI1, MCP1, GM-CSF, and CXCL1 were significantly expressed by TLR2-activated ARPCs alone and were up-regulated in T cells co-cultured with activated ARPCs. The exogenous cocktail of cytokines was able to reproduce the immunomodulatory effects of the co-culture with activated ARPCs. These data showed that ARPCs can regulate immune response by inducing Tregs and DN T cells cell modulation, which are involved in the balance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity.

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