Criteria for selection of HIV vaccine candidates—general principles

Abstract Background Shigella is a major diarrheal pathogen for which there is presently no vaccine. Whole genome sequencing provides the ability to predict and derive novel antigens for use as vaccines. Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. Methods Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. Results Several Shigella antigens displayed IgG and IgA seroconversion, with no difference in sero-reactivity across by sex or age. IgG sero-reactivity to key Shigella antigens was observed at birth, indicating transplacental antibody transfer. Six antigens (FepA, EmrK, FhuA, MdtA, NlpB, and CjrA) were identified in in vivo testing as capable of producing binding IgG and complement-mediated bactericidal antibody. Conclusions These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants.

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ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-131 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 805-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. M. BENDELOW

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Malting Quality ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Sample Extraction ◽

Criteria For Selection ◽

Selection Of

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.

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Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00565-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 84-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David R. Martinez ◽

Sallie R. Permar ◽

Genevieve G. Fouda

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Vaccine Efficacy ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Hiv Vaccine ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Hiv Vaccines ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Protective Antibodies ◽

Pediatric Populations

ABSTRACTExtensive studies have demonstrated that infant immune responses are distinct from those of adults. Despite these differences, infant immunization can elicit protective immune responses at levels comparable to or, in some cases, higher than adult immune responses to many vaccines. To date, only a few HIV vaccine candidates have been tested in infant populations, and none of them evaluated vaccine efficacy. Recent exciting studies showing that HIV-infected infants can develop broad neutralizing antibody responses and that some HIV vaccine regimens can elicit high levels of potentially protective antibodies in infants provide support for the development and testing of HIV vaccines in pediatric populations. In this review, we discuss the differences in adult and infant immune responses in the setting of HIV infection and vaccination.

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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology ◽

10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201802017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

L.L. Zakharova ◽

◽

G.A. Zhorov ◽

V.I. Dorozhkin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Nature ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Physiological State ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Combined Pollution ◽

Wide Range ◽

Active Substances ◽

Criteria For Selection ◽

Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

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