Classification of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) according to the country of origin based on element concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Caetano Alexandre Marcelo ◽  
Camila Alves Martins ◽  
Dirce Pozebon ◽  
Valderi L. Dressler ◽  
Marco Flores Ferrão
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Element Concentrations

Methods of multivariate analysis of NIR reflectance spectra for classification of yerba mate

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. 7621-7627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Caetano Alexandre Marcelo ◽  
Camila Alves Martins ◽  
Dirce Pozebon ◽  
Marco Flôres Ferrão
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Yerba Mate

A methodology based on multivariate analysis of the NIR reflectance spectra was developed for yerba mate classification. All brands of yerba mate analyzed were correctly classified according to the country of origin.

Chemometric Approach Using ComDim and PLS-DA for Discrimination and Classification of Commercial Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Francielli Vieira ◽  
Gustavo Yasuo Figueiredo Makimori ◽  
Maria Brígida dos Santos Scholz ◽  
Acácio Antonio Ferreira Zielinski ◽  
Evandro Bona
Keyword(s):  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Chemometric Approach

scholarly journals Early selection and classification of yerba mate progênies

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
José Alfredo Sturion ◽  
Carlos André Stuepp ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of early selection of open-pollinated yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) progenies, and to classify the best parents and candidates for clones. The germplasm is composed of 140 progenies collected from areas within the natural distribution of the species in Southern Brazil and a commercial genotype (control). The experiment was established in Ivaí, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in March 1997, in randomized complete blocks, with ten replicates, and linear plots of six plants. The commercial mass (kg per plant) of leaves and branches smaller than 7 mm was harvested at 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, and 18.7 years of age. The statistical evaluation was performed using the mixed model procedure with restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction, using the Selegen software. High selective accuracy, significant progeny effects, and genetic variability for commercial mass production were observed for the four harvesting ages. The application of early selection for leaf mass production is feasible for yerba mate progenies harvested at 6.5 years. The selection of the best trees, either for use as parents or as candidates for cloning, provides significant gains for the genetic breeding of yerba mate.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF LINOLEIC AND ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF YERBA MATE, DEPENDING ON COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFUSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Dominika Maciejewska ◽  
Agnieszka Łukomska ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk ◽  
Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka ◽  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Omega 6

Wstęp: Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) jest jedną z najczęściej spożywanych herbat w Ameryce południowej. Staje się ona coraz bardziej popularna również w krajach Ameryki Północnej oraz w Europie. Badania naukowe wskazują, iż pomaga obniżyć poziom cholesterolu, działa ochronnie na wątrobę oraz stymuluje centralny układ nerwowy. Doniesiono również o jej protekcyjnym wpływie na choroby układu krążenia i otyłość. Celem badania była analiza kwasów tłuszczowych z rodziny omega 6 oraz omega 3 w naparach mieszanek Yerba Mate.Metody: Napary zostały przygotowane poprzez odważenie 10 g Yerba Mate i zalanie 50 mL wody destylowanej. Wykonano dwa rodzaje naparów – zimny oraz gorące (kilka zaparzeń tego samego suszu). Przygotowaną w ten sposób Yerba Mate inkubowano przez 10 min, a następnie poddano izolacji. Kwasy tłuszczowe zostały wyekstrahowane za pomocą metody Folcha. Powstałe estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych zostały przeanalizowane na chromatografie gazowym.Wyniki: Analiza kwasów tłuszowych w naparach mieszanek Yerba Mate wykazała znaczną ilość kwasu linolowego oraz alfa-linolenowego. Stężenia tych kwasów obecne w świeżym, wodnym naparze herbaty wynosiły ok. 250 ug/mL naparu dla kwasu linolowego oraz 600 ug/mL naparu dla kwasu alfa-linolenowego. Wraz z kolejnymi zalaniami suszu ilość kwasów tłuszczowych spadała w sposób istotny statystycznie (p < 0,01).Wnioski: Nie wykazano istotnej różnicy między ilością kwasu alfa-linolenowego a sposobem parzenia. W przypadku kwasu linolowego ilość ta była istotnie wyższa w zimnym naparze. W żadnym z naparów nie wykazano również istotnych różnic między krajem pochodzenia a ilością kwasów tluszczowych.

Vegetative propagation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of yerba mate genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Renata de Almeida Maggioni ◽  
Jéssica de Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Retention ◽  
Correlated Components

Abstract Ilex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a tree species native to South America. Its commercial value is due to the manufacturing of teas, with potential also in the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Vegetative propagation of yerba mate is considered an innovation to the traditional production systems based on sexual propagation. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhizogenic potential and chemical attributes of mini-cuttings from 15 yerba mate genotypes, as well as to verify the correlation between phytochemical and rooting-related variables. Mini-cuttings were collected from a pre-existing mini-clonal hedge and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 15 treatments (genotypes), four replications and 10 mini-cuttings per plot. After 120 days, mini-cuttings were assessed regarding rooting, mortality, callogenesis and leaf retention percentages, percentage of mini-cuttings with both calluses and roots, number of roots and average root length. At the time of collection, subsamples from each plot were used for phytochemical analyses including total phenolic compounds, protein, caffeine and theobromine contents and antioxidant activity. Rooting percentages ranged from 5 to 72.5%, with significant variation among genotypes. Adventitious rooting and phytochemical profile of yerba mate mini-cuttings are genotype-dependent. Leaf retention is a relevant factor in the rooting of yerba mate mini-cuttings and the levels of total phenolic compounds, antioxidants and theobromine present in mini-cuttings are negatively correlated components to Ilex paraguariensis adventitious rooting.

scholarly journals PERSISTÊNCIA NO SOLO DE INÓCULO DE Beauveria bassiana EMPREGADO PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus EM PLANTIO DE Ilex paraguariensis

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Rolim Borges ◽  
Sônia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
Lívia Cardoso Bueno de Camargo ◽  
Lílian Mattos Kalinoski
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Wood Borer

O controle da broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus, limita-se ao emprego de práticas silviculturais e catação manual dos insetos adultos, não sendo permitido o uso de inseticidas químicos na cultura. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos verificar a presença natural de Beauveria bassiana no solo de plantio em monocultura de erva-mate, determinar a persistência de B. bassiana no solo após duas e três aplicações do fungo e averiguar a influência de fatores abióticos na estabilidade do fungo no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em um erval no município de Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brasil, onde foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas áreas, para avaliação da presença natural de inóculos do fungo B. bassiana, procedendo-se à contagem, isolamento e identificação.Não foi detectada a ocorrência natural do fungo no solo em nenhuma das duas áreas. Após essa confirmação, foram realizadas pulverizações com B. bassiana em ambas as áreas, sendo que em uma ocorreram duas e na outra três aplicações. Após a última pulverização, realizada em fevereiro/2006, verificou-se que os inóculos do fungo persistiram por 90 dias na área com duas aplicações e 120 dias na área com três aplicações. A temperatura afetou a persistência do fungo no solo em ambas as áreas, mas a umidade relativa não mostrou influência sobre os inóculos em campo.Palavras-chave: Broca-da-erva-mate; controle biológico; epizootia; fungo entomopatogênico. AbstractPersistence in soil of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana used to control Hedypathes betulinus in yerba maté plantation, Ilex paraguariensis. Control measures of Hedypathes betulinus are restricted to agricultural practices and hand picking of adult insects. No chemical control is allowed in yerba maté cultivation areas. The objectives of this research were to verify the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the soil of yerba maté in monoculture; to determine the persistence of inoculums in the soil after applications of the fungus; and to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on fungus stability in the soil. The soil samples were taken from two experimental areas in a yerba maté plantation in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in order to count, isolate and identify inoculums of B. bassiana and other fungi. After the confirmation that B. bassiana was not present in the soil, a suspension of the fungus was applied, twice in one of the areas and three times in the other. After the last application in February/2006, the inoculum persisted for 90 and 120 days, in the area with two and three applications, respectively. The temperature affected the persistence of B. bassiana in soil; however, the relative humidity did not.Keywords: Biological control; epizooty; entomopathogenic fungus; wood borer. 

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