Eratum to “A Plasmodium berghei reference line that constitutively expresses GFP at a high level throughout the complete life cycle”

ABSTRACT Background The asexual blood stages of the Plasmodium berghei life cycle including merozoites are attractive targets for transmission blocking vaccines and drugs. Improved understanding of P. berghei life cycle stage growth and development would provide new opportunities to evaluate antimalarial vaccines and drugs. Methods Blood stage samples from C57BL/6 albino mice infected with P. berghei sporozoites were singly stained with a high binding affinity deoxyribonucleic acid dye, YOYO-1, and measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Duplicate slides were made from samples and stained with diluted Giemsa’s and YOYO-1, respectively. Correlated results were compared by FCM, light microscopy, and fluorescent microscopy. Results Complete life cycle stage determination and analysis by FCM is reported to include merozoites, ring forms, trophozoites, immature, and mature schizonts. FCM demonstrated a clear separation between each stage using their unique fluorescence distribution. When compared to light microscopy, a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.925 to 0.974) was observed in determining the ring forms, trophozoites, and schizonts phases, but only a moderate correlation (r 2 = 0.684 to 0.778) was observed for merozoites. The identification and measurement of merozoites suggest that FCM is a useful technique to monitor the entire life stage of the parasite. Initial stage-specific data demonstrated that mefloquine has a mode of action on mature parasite forms, and artesunic acid was rapidly effective against merozoites and other immature and mature parasite forms with higher killing. Conclusion Blood stage parasites in each individual life stage, including merozoites, are reliably identified and quantified quickly by FCM, making this technique an ideal alternative to microscopy. This integrated whole life stage model, particularly with confirmed determination of merozoite population, could widely be used for drug and vaccine research in malaria therapy and prophylaxis.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200630124419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Anchal Trivedi ◽

Aparna Misra ◽

Esha Sarkar ◽

Anil K. Balapure

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽

Explant Culture ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Mda Content ◽

High Level ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Background: In recent years, great progress has been made in reducing the high level of malaria suffering worldwide. There is a great need to evaluate drug resistance reversers and consider new medicines against malaria. There are many approaches to the development of antimalarial drugs. Specific concerns must be taken in to account in these approaches, in particular there requirement for very in expensive and simple use of new therapies and the need to limit drug discovery expenses. Important ongoing efforts are the optimisation of treatment with available medications, including the use of combination therapy. The production of analogs of known agents and the identification of natural products, the use of compounds originally developed against other diseases, the assessment of overcoming drug resistance and the consideration of new therapeutic targets. Liver and spleen are the important organs which are directly associated with malarial complications. Aim: An analysis the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Objective: To determine in-Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Material and method: 1-Histological preparation of spleen explants for paraplast embedding 2-Biochemicalstudies (Enzymes (Atpase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA). Result: Splenomegalyis one of the three main diagnostic parameters of malaria infection besides fever and anaemia. Many enzymes present in the liver and spleen may also be altered or liberated under different pathological conditions. Enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to increase in the liver and spleen explants during malarial infection. In the liver and spleen derived from parasitized CQ treated animals, the activity of all the above enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein & MDA of liver/spleen reversed towards the normal for all the 4or3 days of incubations. Picroliv efficacy decreased with the increment of parasitaemia and at 60%parasitaemia. Conclusion: Alkalinephosphatase (ALP) was found to increase with increasing parasitaemia. After the addition of Picroliv to the medium, a decrement in the activity was observed up to day 4 of culture.A similar positive effect of Picroliv was observed on the ATPase and ALP activity of spleen explants.DNA and protein contents also increased in the parasitized liver cultured in the presence of picroliv.On the contrary, in the spleen explants DNA, protein and MDA content were found to decrease after Picroliv supplementation to the culture medium.

Download Full-text

Liquid materials for biomedical research: a highly IT-integrated and automated biobanking solution

Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1515/labmed-2017-0118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniela Popp ◽

Romanus Diekmann ◽

Lutz Binder ◽

Abdul R. Asif ◽

Sara Y. Nussbeck

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Medical Center ◽

Research Results ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Medical Centers ◽

It Systems ◽

Complete Life Cycle ◽

The University ◽

Term Storage

Abstract Various information technology (IT) infrastructures for biobanking, networks of biobanks and biomaterial management are described in the literature. As pre-analytical variables play a major role in the downstream interpretation of clinical as well as research results, their documentation is essential. A description for mainly automated documentation of the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen is lacking so far. Here, the example taken is from the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), where the workflow of liquid biomaterials is standardized between the central laboratory and the central biobank. The workflow of liquid biomaterials from sample withdrawal to long-term storage in a biobank was analyzed. Essential data such as time and temperature for processing and freezing can be automatically collected. The proposed solution involves only one major interface between the main IT systems of the laboratory and the biobank. It is key to talk to all the involved stakeholders to ensure a functional and accepted solution. Although IT components differ widely between clinics, the proposed way of documenting the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen can be transferred to other university medical centers. The complete documentation of the life-cycle of each biospecimen ensures a good interpretability of downstream routine as well as research results.

Download Full-text

Mitochondrial apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease Apn1 is not critical for the completion of the Plasmodium berghei life cycle

DNA Repair ◽

10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 103078 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pratik Narain Srivastava ◽

Sunil Kumar Narwal ◽

Satish Mishra

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Plasmodium Berghei

Download Full-text

On the relevance of genotoxicity for fish populations II: genotoxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in a complete life-cycle test

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.01.019 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Markus Diekmann ◽

Petra Waldmann ◽

Andreas Schnurstein ◽

Tamara Grummt ◽

Thomas Braunbeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Fish Populations ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Complete Life Cycle

Download Full-text

The cattle lice of Great Britain Part I. Biology, with special reference to Haematopinus eurysternus

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000024525 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. J. Craufurd-Benson

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Great Britain ◽

Special Reference ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Average Length ◽

Starvation Period ◽

Complete Life Cycle ◽

Threshold Of Development ◽

Minimum Air Temperature

1. The geographical distribution of cattle lice in Britain is recorded in detail. Bovicola bovis is the commonest and most widely distributed species in Britain.2. The incubation period for the eggs was found to be: Haematopinus eurysternus, 9–19 days (av. 12); Bovicola bovis, 7–10 days (av. 8); Linognathus vitula, 10–13 days; Solenopotes capillatus, 10–13 days. With eggs of H. eurysternus it was found that the higher the minimum air temperature the shorter was the incubation period.3. In H. eurysternus the average length of the instars was: 1st, 4 days; 2nd, 4 days; 3rd, 4 days; pre-oviposition period, 3–4 days. The average time for the complete life cycle, egg to egg, was 28 days.4. The maximum longevity of H. eurysternus on the host was: males, 10 days; females, 16 days. No males or females of H. eurysternus survived a starvation period of 72 hr. at 20° C. and R.H. 70 or 0–10° C. and R.H. 70–85; but some nymphs survived this period at 20° C. and R.H. 70, but none survived 96 hr. starvation.5. The maximum number of eggs recorded for one female was 24; and eggs were laid at the rate of 1–4 a day.6. The threshold of development of the eggs of H. eurysternus appears to be about 27·5° C.

Download Full-text

Profiles of Fertility, Labour Supply and Wages of Married Women: A Complete Life-Cycle Model

The Review of Economic Studies ◽

10.2307/2297691 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Robert Moffitt

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Labour Supply ◽

Married Women ◽

Life Cycle Model ◽

Cycle Model ◽

Complete Life Cycle

Download Full-text

Environmental Sustainability of Building Retrofit through Vertical Greening Systems: A Life-Cycle Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4886

Author(s):

Katia Perini ◽

Fabio Magrassi ◽

Andrea Giachetta ◽

Luca Moreschi ◽

Michela Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Life Cycle Approach ◽

Complete Life Cycle ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Phase ◽

Vertical Greening

Urban greening provides a wide range of ecosystem services to address the main challenges of urban areas, e.g., carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and shade, thermal insulation, and pollution control. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of a vertical greening system (VGS) built in 2014 in Italy, for which extensive monitoring activities were implemented. The life-cycle assessment methodology was applied to quantify the water–energy–climate nexus of the VGS for 1 m2 of the building’s wall surface. Six different scenarios were modelled according to three different end-of-life scenarios and two different useful lifetime scenarios (10 and 25 years). The environmental impact of global-warming potential and generated energy consumption during the use phase in the VGS scenarios were reduced by 56% in relation to the baseline scenario (wall without VGS), and showed improved environmental performance throughout the complete life cycle. However, the water-scarcity index (WSI) of the VGS scenarios increased by 42%. This study confirms that the installation of VGSs offers a relevant environmental benefit in terms of greenhouse-gas emissions and energy consumption; however, increased water consumption in the use phase may limit the large-scale application of VGSs.

Download Full-text