scholarly journals Functional connectivity between task-positive and task-negative brain areas and its relation to working memory performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hampson ◽  
Naomi Driesen ◽  
Jennifer K. Roth ◽  
John C. Gore ◽  
R. Todd Constable
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Task-induced functional brain connectivity mediates the relationship between striatal D2/3 receptors and working memory

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Nour ◽  
Tarik Dahoun ◽  
Robert A McCutcheon ◽  
Rick A Adams ◽  
Matthew B Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Working memory performance is thought to depend on both striatal dopamine 2/3 receptors (D2/3Rs) and task-induced functional organisation in key cortical brain networks. Here, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging and D2/3R positron emission tomography in 51 healthy volunteers, to investigate the relationship between working memory performance, task-induced default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity changes, and striatal D2/3R availability. Increasing working memory load was associated with reduced DMN functional connectivity, which was itself associated with poorer task performance. Crucially, the magnitude of the DMN connectivity reduction correlated with striatal D2/3R availability, particularly in the caudate, and this relationship mediated the relationship between striatal D2/3R availability and task performance. These results inform our understanding of natural variation in working memory performance, and have implications for understanding age-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders where dopamine signalling is altered.

scholarly journals No evidence for changes in GABA concentration, functional connectivity, or working memory following continuous theta burst stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tribikram Thapa ◽  
Joshua Hendrikse ◽  
Sarah Thompson ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
Mana Biabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is thought to reduce cortical excitability and modulate functional connectivity, possibly by altering cortical inhibition at the site of stimulation. However, most evidence comes from the motor cortex and it remains unclear whether similar effects occur following stimulation over other brain regions. We assessed whether cTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex altered gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration, functional connectivity and brain dynamics at rest, and brain activation and memory performance during a working memory task. Seventeen healthy individuals participated in a randomised, sham-controlled, cross-over experiment. Before and after either real or sham cTBS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was obtained at rest to measure GABA concentrations, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded at rest and during an n-back working memory task to measure functional connectivity, brain dynamics (low-frequency fluctuations), and task-related patterns of brain activity. We could not find evidence for changes in GABA concentration (P=0.66, Bayes factor [BF10]=0.07), resting-state functional connectivity (P(FWE)>0.05), resting-state low-frequency fluctuations (P=0.88, BF10=0.04), blood-oxygen level dependent activity during the n-back task (P(FWE) >0.05), or working memory performance (P=0.13, BF10=0.05) following real or sham cTBS. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting the effects of cTBS are highly variable between individuals and question the notion that cTBS is a universal 'inhibitory' paradigm.

Predicting multilingual effects on executive function and individual connectomes in children: An ABCD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (49) ◽  
pp. e2110811118
Author(s):  
Young Hye Kwon ◽  
Kwangsun Yoo ◽  
Hillary Nguyen ◽  
Yong Jeong ◽  
Marvin M. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Back Task

While there is a substantial amount of work studying multilingualism’s effect on cognitive functions, little is known about how the multilingual experience modulates the brain as a whole. In this study, we analyzed data of over 1,000 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine whether monolinguals and multilinguals differ in executive function, functional brain connectivity, and brain–behavior associations. We observed significantly better performance from multilingual children than monolinguals in working-memory tasks. In one finding, we were able to classify multilinguals from monolinguals using only their whole-brain functional connectome at rest and during an emotional n-back task. Compared to monolinguals, the multilingual group had different functional connectivity mainly in the occipital lobe and subcortical areas during the emotional n-back task and in the occipital lobe and prefrontal cortex at rest. In contrast, we did not find any differences in behavioral performance and functional connectivity when performing a stop-signal task. As a second finding, we investigated the degree to which behavior is reflected in the brain by implementing a connectome-based behavior prediction approach. The multilingual group showed a significant correlation between observed and connectome-predicted individual working-memory performance scores, while the monolingual group did not show any correlations. Overall, our observations suggest that multilingualism enhances executive function and reliably modulates the corresponding brain functional connectome, distinguishing multilinguals from monolinguals even at the developmental stage.

IC-P-046: MEMORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AND WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN SUBJECTIVE MEMORY COMPLAINTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_1) ◽  
pp. P46-P46
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Viviano ◽  
Jessica M. Hayes ◽  
Patrick J. Pruitt ◽  
Zachary J. Fernandez ◽  
Sanneke van Rooden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints

The Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Working Memory is Shaped by Functional Connectivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1026-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Lenartowicz ◽  
Anthony R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Speed Accuracy

The anterior cingulate (AC) cortex seems to be similarly engaged by attentional and memory processes. We tested the hypothesis that this common activation is best explained by changes in the regions interacting (functionally connected) with AC. Subjects were tested on two variants of a 2-back working memory task: a standard version with strong attentional demands, and a cued version that more strongly promoted memory retrieval. AC activation, measured with functional MRI, was found in both tasks, although more sustained in the standard condition. The regions functionally connected to the AC, and the relation of these activity patterns to memory performance, were completely different across tasks. In the standard task, the pattern related to a speed-accuracy tradeoff, whereas the connectivity pattern unique to the cued task related only to better accuracy. By virtue of these changing patterns of functional connectivity, the contribution of AC to attention-and memory-driven performance was similarly changed.

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity of Resting State as a Biomarker for Working Memory Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nese H�den ◽  
Soylu Can ◽  
Irak Metahan ◽  
Adanali Pinar ◽  
Akin Ata
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Early IGF-1 Gene Therapy Prevented Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín. J. Montivero ◽  
Marisa. S. Ghersi ◽  
M. Jazmín Silvero C ◽  
Emilce Artur de la Villarmois ◽  
Johanna Catalan-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults under 40 years old. Once primary injury occurs after TBI, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are triggered, contributing to the development of many TBI-induced neurological deficits, and reducing the probability of critical trauma patients´ survival. Regardless the research investment on the development of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatments, most pre-clinical studies have failed to report significant effects, probably because of the limited blood brain barrier permeability of no-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Lately, neurotrophic factors, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), are considered attractive therapeutic alternatives for diverse neurological pathologies, as they are neuromodulators linked to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering this background, the aim of the present investigation is to test early IGF-1 gene therapy in both OS markers and cognitive deficits induced by TBI. Male Wistar rats were injected via Cisterna Magna with recombinant adenoviral vectors containing the IGF-1 gene cDNA 15 min post-TBI. Animals were sacrificed after 60 min, 24 h or 7 days to study the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, to recognize the protein oxidation damage and lipid peroxidation respectively, in the TBI neighboring brain areas. Cognitive deficits were assessed by evaluating working memory 7 days after TBI. The results reported significant increases of AOPP and MDA levels at 60 min, 24 h, and 7 days after TBI in the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex and hippocampus. In addition, at day 7, TBI also reduced working memory performance. Interestingly, AOPP, and MDA levels in the studied brain areas were significantly reduced after IGF-1 gene therapy that in turn prevented cognitive deficits, restoring TBI-animals working memory performance to similar values regarding control. In conclusion, early IGF-1 gene therapy could be considered a novel therapeutic approach to targeting neuroinflammation as well as to preventing some behavioral deficits related to TBI.

Effects of Ganglioside on Working Memory and the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 489-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Jeon ◽  
Binna Kim ◽  
Jieun E. Kim ◽  
Bori R. Kim ◽  
Soonhyun Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Matter Volume

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined whether the administration of ganglioside, an active ingredient of deer bone extract, can improve working memory performance by increasing gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment. Seventy-five individuals with subjective cognitive impairment were chosen to receive either ganglioside (330[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day or 660[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day) or a placebo for 8 weeks. Changes in working memory performance with treatment of either ganglioside or placebo were assessed as cognitive outcome measures. Using voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses, changes in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN were also assessed as brain outcome measures. Improvement in working memory performance was greater in the ganglioside group than in the placebo group. The ganglioside group, relative to the placebo group, showed greater increases in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN. A significant relationship between increased functional connectivity of the precuneus and improved working memory performance was observed in the ganglioside group. The current findings suggest that ganglioside has cognitive-enhancing effects in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment. Ganglioside-induced increases in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN may partly be responsible for the potential nootropic effects of ganglioside. The clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02379481).

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