Is there scientific evidence favoring the substitution of commercially pure titanium with titanium alloys for the manufacture of dental implants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1201-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo M. Cordeiro ◽  
Valentim A.R. Barão
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure

scholarly journals Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review

Prosthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Commercially Pure

The topic of titanium alloys for dental implants has been reviewed. The basis of the review was a search using PubMed, with the large number of references identified being reduced to a manageable number by concentrating on more recent articles and reports of biocompatibility and of implant durability. Implants made mainly from titanium have been used for the fabrication of dental implants since around 1981. The main alloys are so-called commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and Ti-6Al-4V, both of which give clinical success rates of up to 99% at 10 years. Both alloys are biocompatible in contact with bone and the gingival tissues, and are capable of undergoing osseointegration. Investigations of novel titanium alloys developed for orthopaedics show that they offer few advantages as dental implants. The main findings of this review are that the alloys cpTi and Ti-6Al-4V are highly satisfactory materials, and that there is little scope for improvement as far as dentistry is concerned. The conclusion is that these materials will continue to be used for dental implants well into the foreseeable future.

Possibilities of biocompatible material production using conform SPD technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (88) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palán ◽  
L. Maleček ◽  
J. Hodek ◽  
M. Zemko ◽  
J. Dzugan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Titanium Grade

Purpose: At present, materials research in the area of SPD (severe plastic deformation) processes is very intensive. Materials processed by these techniques show better mechanical properties and have finer grain when compared to the input feedstock. The refined microstructure may be ultrafine-grained or nanostructured, where the grain size becomes less than 100 nm. One of the materials used for such processes is CP (commercially pure) titanium of various grades, which is widely used for manufacturing dental implants. The article deals with one of the technologies available for the production of ultrafine-grained titanium: Conform technology. CP titanium processed by CONFORM technology exhibits improved mechanical properties and very favourable biocompatibility, due to its fine-grained structure. The article presents the current experience in the production of ultrafine CP titanium using this technology. The main objective of this article is describing the behaviour of CP titanium during forming in the Conform device and its subsequent use in dental implantology. Design/methodology/approach: In the present study, commercially pure Grade 2 titanium was processed using the CONFORM machine. The numerical simulation of the process was done using FEM method with DEFORMTM software. The evaluation was performed by simple tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy. The first conclusions were derived from the determined mechanical properties and based on analogies in available publications on a similar topic. Findings: This study confirmed that the SPD process improves mechanical properties and does not impair the ductility of the material. The CONFORM process enables the continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Research limitations/implications: At the present work, the results show the possible way of continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Nevertheless, the further optimization is needed in order to improve the final quality of wires and stabilize the process. As these factors will be solved, the technology will be ready for the industry. Practical implications: The article gives the practical information about the continuous production of ultrafine-grained pure titanium Grade 2 and the possibility of use this material for dental implants. Originality/value: The present paper gives information about the influence of the CONFORM technology on final mechanical and structural properties with the emphasis on technological aspects

scholarly journals Developments in Titanium Research and Applications in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Carsten Siemers ◽  
Christian Stöcker
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Titanium Aluminides ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
World Conference ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Industry ◽  
Research Organisations

Since the Ti-2015 World Conference on Titanium held in San Diego, USA, research, development and applications of commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys and titanium aluminides have advanced considerably. In this plenary paper, information is provided on important achievements in the German titanium industry, governmental and non-governmental research organisations and universities from the last four years.

Effects of Guided Bone Regeneration Around Commercially Pure Titanium and Hydroxyapatite-Coated Dental Implants. I. Radiographic Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Stentz ◽  
Brian L. Mealey ◽  
Pirkka V. Nummikoski ◽  
John C. Gunsolley ◽  
Thomas C. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure

Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Compared With Commercially Pure Titanium

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID SCHLAIN ◽  
CHARLES B. KENAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Abstract Titanium-8 percent manganese, titanium-5 percent aluminum-2½ percent tin, titanium-2 percent aluminum, titanium-6 percent aluminum, titanium-1 percent copper, and titanium-5 percent copper alloys are similar to commercially pure titanium in chemical and galvanic corrosion properties. These alloys are completely resistant to corrosion in synthetic ocean water, tap water, 1 percent sodium hydroxide, and 5 percent ferric chloride solutions. In sulfuric acid solutions saturated with air, the titanium alloys with the exception of those containing copper are resistant to corrosion in 5 percent solution at 35 C but corrode rapidly in 10 percent solution. At 60 C, these alloys are inert in 1 percent and corrode in 5 percent acid. The titanium-copper alloys usually are more resistant than commercially pure titanium to corrosion in sulfuric acid solutions and less resistant in hydrochloric acid. In contact with aluminum in 0.5 percent sulfuric acid saturated with air, titanium and the titanium-base alloys are the cathodic members of the couples. Titanium and titanium-base alloys are generally anodic when in contact with stainless steels in air-saturated 4.7, 9.3 and 17.5 percent sulfuric acid solutions but the galvanic corrosion rates are low. Furthermore, the chemical corrosion of titanium alloys is almost eliminated as a result of contact with stainless steel. 6.3.15

Improvement in Ductility in Commercially Pure Titanium Alloys by Stress Relaxation at Room Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Eipert ◽  
Giribaskar Sivaswamy ◽  
Rahul Bhattacharya ◽  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Paul Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure

Present work focusses on the effect of stress relaxation on the tensile behaviour of two commercially pure titanium alloys of different strength levels (Grade 1 and Grade 4) subjected to tensile tests at room temperature. The stress relaxation tests were performed by interrupting the tensile tests at regular strain intervals of 5% in the plastic region of the tensile curve and compared to the monotonic tensile tests at different strain rates ranging from 10-4to 10-1s-1. To understand the effect of anisotropy, samples were taken along 0° and 90° to rolling direction (RD) for both the alloys. Improvement in ductility of different levels at all the strain rates was observed in both the alloys when stress relaxation steps were introduced as compared to monotonic tests. However there is not much change in the flow stress as well as in strain hardening behaviour of the alloys. The true stress-true strain curves of Grade 4 samples taken in 90° to RD exhibited discontinuous yielding phenomenon after the yield point, which is termed as a yield-point elongation (YPE). The improvement in ductility of the Cp-Ti alloys can be linked to recovery process occurring during the stress relaxation steps which resulted in the improvement in ductility after repeated interrupted tensile tests. The paper presents and summarise the results based on the stress relaxation for the two different alloys.

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