Validity and diagnostic accuracy of foot posture Index-6 using radiographic findings as the gold standard to determine paediatric flexible flatfoot between ages of 6–18 years: A cross-sectional study

Background: Clinical diagnosis of Paediatric flexible flatfoot is still a challenging issue for the healthcare professionals. Clarke's Angle (CA) is frequently used clinically for assessing foot posture; however there is still a debate about its validity and diagnostic accuracy in evaluation of static foot posture especially in Paediatric population with some previous studies supporting, while the others are refuting its validity. The current study aimed to investigate validity and diagnostic accuracy of CA using radiographic findings as a criterion standard measure to determine flexible flatfoot between ages of 6-18 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 612 participants (1224 feet) with flexible flatfoot aged 6-18 years (12.36 {plus minus}3.39) was recruited. The clinical measures results were compared to the criterion standard radiographic measures and displayed on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was computed. Intra-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for CA. Fagan nomogram was used to detect the posttest probability. Results: Clarke's angle (CA) demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability (ICC=0.99). CA showed higher sensitivity (98.4%), specificity (98.8), positive predictive value (97.3), negative predictive value (99.3), positive likelihood ratio (84) and negative likelihood ratio (0.02). AUC was 0.98[95%CI= 0095-1.00]. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) yielded a posttest probability of 97%, while the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) yielded a posttest probability of 0.02. Conclusions: CA is a valid with high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of flexible flatfoot between the ages of 6-18 years.

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Evaluation of the paediatric foot using footprints and foot posture index: A cross‐sectional study

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health ◽

10.1111/jpc.14558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Gijon‐Nogueron ◽

Ana Marchena‐Rodriguez ◽

Jesus Montes‐Alguacil ◽

Angela M Evans

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Foot Posture

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Symmetry Criterion for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3619

Author(s):

Jose Alberto Sanchez-Castillo ◽

Andres Reinoso-Cobo ◽

Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽

Rafael Caliz-Caliz ◽

Manuela Exposito-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Structure And Morphology ◽

Foot Posture

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the feet of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, to determine the degree to which both feet were affected, primarily analyzing the severity of RA in both feet looking at structure and morphology, and secondly looking at the symmetry in terms of the anthropometrics and posture. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2018. The data from 229 patients with RA and with foot pain and no RA recruited (Granada, Spain) were analyzed. Two researchers independently interviewed the patients to obtain the study data. The clinical data were obtained using specific foot health and quality of life questionnaires and a validated platform for foot measurement. Anthropometric measurements were obtained by means of a foot measurement platform and the Foot Posture Index (FPI). The bivariate analysis was performed with the Student’s t test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was established at p < 0.05. Results: In the RA group, anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the left and right feet in 13 of the 23 parameters considered, as follows: (non-load-bearing) foot length, length of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, maximum height of the internal longitudinal arch, and width of the midfoot (p < 0.001, p = 0.038, p < 0.001, and p = 0.037 respectively); and Foot Posture Index (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with RA, statistically significant differences were found in the Foot Posture Index and in several parameters related to foot structure and morphology. From this, we conclude that from a morphological, structural, and postural standpoint, a pattern of symmetric joint involvement should not be viewed as a specific criterion for RA in the foot.

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Comparing Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of Clarke’s Angle and Foot Posture Index-6 to Determine Flexible Flatfoot in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Investigation

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare ◽

10.2147/jmdh.s317439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 2705-2717

Author(s):

Fatma Hegazy ◽

Emad Aboelnasr ◽

Mohamed Abuzaid ◽

In-Ju Kim ◽

Yasser Salem

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Flexible Flatfoot ◽

Foot Posture

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Foot morphology and correlation with lower extremity pain in Japanese children: A cross-sectional study of the foot posture Index-6

Journal of Orthopaedic Science ◽

10.1016/j.jos.2021.09.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manato Horii ◽

Ryuichiro Akagi ◽

Yuya Ogawa ◽

Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽

Seiji Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Lower Extremity Pain ◽

Foot Posture ◽

Foot Morphology

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To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MRI in localization of non-palpable undescended testes taking laparoscopic findings as the gold standard: A cross-sectional study from Pakistan

Annals of Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103161 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103161

Author(s):

Kamran Fazal ◽

Shaiq Hussain ◽

Faheemullah Khan ◽

Irfan Ullah ◽

Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Undescended Testes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

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Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

10.53350/pjmhs211561679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1679-1681

Author(s):

Afaque Ali ◽

Majid Shaikh ◽

Ahsanullah . ◽

Adeel Ahmed ◽

Abid Ali Sahito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

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Comparison of Venous and Capillary Sampling in Oral Glucose Testing for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Diagnostic Accuracy Cross-Sectional Study Using Accu-Chek Inform II

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10121011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1011

Author(s):

Sofia Nevander ◽

Eva Landberg ◽

Marie Blomberg ◽

Bertil Ekman ◽

Caroline Lilliecreutz

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capillary Sampling

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication with negative impacts on mother and child. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether plasma glucose cutoffs for GDM diagnosis based on venous sampling can be replaced by cutoffs based on capillary sampling. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed at an antenatal care clinic including 175 pregnant women undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Duplicate samples were collected by capillary and venous puncture while fasting and 1 h and 2 h after an OGTT. Both samples were analyzed on Accu-Chek Inform II. The cutoffs for a GDM diagnosis using capillary samples were corrected from 5.1 to 5.3 mmol/L for the fasting sample, from 10.0 to 11.1 mmol/L for the 1 h sample, and from 8.5 to 9.4 mmol/L for the 2-h sample using half of the dataset. Applying these cutoffs to the remaining dataset resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.0%, 95.0%, and 90.3%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 83%, an negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%, and a positive negative likelihood ratio (LHR) of 16.4 using capillary sampling for the GDM diagnosis at fasting and 2-h after. Corrected cutoffs and capillary samples can be used for the diagnosis of GDM with maintained diagnostic accuracy using Accu-Chek Inform II.

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