Alkaloid extracts from Jimson weed ( Datura stramonium L.) modulate purinergic enzymes in rat brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽  
Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts

In vitro anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extracts from kola nuts (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi ◽  
Esther T. Oyedola ◽  
Tosin A. Olasehinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Mao Inhibitors ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Cola Nitida ◽  
Cola Acuminata

Abstract Background The development of cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has come with their undesirable side effects. Hence, research for potent but natural ChE and MAO inhibitors with little or no side effects is essential. This study investigated the potentials of alkaloid extracts from two Cola species as nutraceuticals for prevention and management of AD. Methods Alkaloid extracts were obtained from two Cola species (Cola nitida [KN] and Cola acuminata [KA]) by solvent extraction method. The extracts were characterized for their alkaloid contents using gas chromatography (GC). The effects of the extracts on ChE and MAO activities were investigated in vitro. Also, the extracts’ ability to inhibit Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, scavenge DPPH and OH radicals, as well as chelate Fe2+ were determined. Results GC characterization revealed the presence of augustamine and undulatine as the predominant alkaloids in the extracts. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the inhibitory effects of the extracts on ChE activities. However, KA extract exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) MAO inhibitory effect than KN. Also, KA extract inhibited Fe2+- induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rat brain homogenate more significantly than KN, while there was no significant difference in DPPH and OH radicals scavenging, as well as Fe2+-chelating abilities of the extracts. Conclusions Our findings revealed that KN and KA alkaloid extracts exhibited significant effect in vitro on biological pathways that may contribute to neuroprotection for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

Alternaria crassa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Thorn Apple

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria crassa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Datura stramonium (Jimson weed, thorn apple) and other species of Datura. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Datura. Irregular, straw-coloured, zonate spots occur first on the lower leaves, spreading upwards until later in the growing season the seed pods develop dark, sunken lesions. Heavily infected leaves are often shed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Cyprus, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Germany, Ghana, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Rumania, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Toxicological evaluation of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seed

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Dugan ◽  
M.R. Gumbmann ◽  
Mendel Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Jimson Weed

scholarly journals Clinical and pathological studies on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling : clinical communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Binev ◽  
I. Valchev ◽  
J. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Intestinal Gas ◽  
Acute Gastric Dilatation ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Cardiac Lesions

Spontaneous intoxication in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling and heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. The clinical status of all horses was monitored for 7 days, and included body (rectal) temperature, respiratory and heart rates, colour and moistness of visible mucosae, changes in pupil size, appetite, thirst, general behaviour, locomotion, sensory perceptions, urination and defaecation. The intoxication was accompanied by altered clinical status, namely mild hyperthermia, tachycardia, polypnoea, dyspnoea and shallow breathing, mydriasis, dry oral, rectal, vaginal and nasal mucosae, acute gastric dilatation and severe intestinal gas accumulation, anorexia to complete refusal of feed, decreased or absent thirst, absence of defaecation and urination. As a result of the treatment, the clinical parameters normalised between days 2 and 5. Necropsies and pathological studies were performed on two horses that died, revealing toxic liver dystrophy, cardiac lesions and substantial dystrophic and necrotic processes in the kidneys. The observed clinical signs, the pathomorphological changes and the applied therapy could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Jimson weed intoxication.

Composition of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mendel Friedman ◽  
Carol E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Jimson Weed
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