scholarly journals Clinical and pathological studies on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling : clinical communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Binev ◽  
I. Valchev ◽  
J. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Intestinal Gas ◽  
Acute Gastric Dilatation ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Cardiac Lesions

Spontaneous intoxication in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling and heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. The clinical status of all horses was monitored for 7 days, and included body (rectal) temperature, respiratory and heart rates, colour and moistness of visible mucosae, changes in pupil size, appetite, thirst, general behaviour, locomotion, sensory perceptions, urination and defaecation. The intoxication was accompanied by altered clinical status, namely mild hyperthermia, tachycardia, polypnoea, dyspnoea and shallow breathing, mydriasis, dry oral, rectal, vaginal and nasal mucosae, acute gastric dilatation and severe intestinal gas accumulation, anorexia to complete refusal of feed, decreased or absent thirst, absence of defaecation and urination. As a result of the treatment, the clinical parameters normalised between days 2 and 5. Necropsies and pathological studies were performed on two horses that died, revealing toxic liver dystrophy, cardiac lesions and substantial dystrophic and necrotic processes in the kidneys. The observed clinical signs, the pathomorphological changes and the applied therapy could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Jimson weed intoxication.

scholarly journals The application of a new laminitis scoring method to model the rate and pattern of improvement from equine endocrinopathic laminitis in a clinical setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meier ◽  
J. McGree ◽  
R. Klee ◽  
J. Preuß ◽  
D. Reiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Exponential Decay Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract Background Endocrinopathic, or hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis (HAL) is a common and debilitating equine foot disease, and although no pharmacological treatments are registered, several are under development. To evaluate the effect of such treatments, an accurate and consistent method is needed to track the clinical signs of laminitis over time, and the natural history of the disease, in terms of a ‘normal’ pattern of improvement, needs to be understood. This study examined the improvement pattern in clinical cases of naturally-occurring HAL subjected to a range of best-practice interventions, using two different scoring methods. Eighty horses and ponies with suspected HAL were enrolled in a study conducted at 16 veterinary practices across Germany. The severity of laminitis was assessed by independent veterinarians using both the traditional Obel method and a modified Obel method developed by Meier and colleagues. Assessments were made on the day of diagnosis (d 0), then on days 4, 9, 14, 25 and 42 during the intervention period. Pain medications were withheld for 24 h prior to clinical examination in all cases. Results Time to marked improvement from laminitis varied between individuals, but was difficult to monitor accurately using the Obel method, with the median grade being 2/4 on days 0 and 4, then 0/4 from d 9 onwards. More subtle changes could be identified using the Meier method, however, and the median scores were seen to follow the form of an exponential decay model in most horses, improving from 8/12 on d 0, to 0/12 on d 25. Within this composite scoring method, considerable variation was observed in the rate of improvement of individual clinical signs, with the average time taken for each sign to reach a median score of 0 ranging from 4 days (foot lift and weight shifting) to 25 days (gait when turned in a circle) across all 80 horses. Conclusions The Meier method provides a reliable and consistent method for monitoring the clinical status of horses with HAL, and despite the variability, the pattern of improvement described here should provide a useful benchmark against which individual cases and new treatments can be assessed.

scholarly journals Negative MRI findings in a case of degenerative myelopathy in a dog : clinical communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
K. Kanayama ◽  
H. Yamamura ◽  
T. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Degenerative Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

An 11-year-old male Rough collie was submitted with paraparesis, but did not respond to medical treatment. Clinical signs worsened and the dog displayed paralysis, inability to stand and loss of voluntary bladder control, whereupon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. No significant abnormalities were identified from MRI, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid tests or radiography. After MRI, the dog developed dyspnoea and died. Autopsy and subsequent histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy.

scholarly journals Tricuspid Dysplasia in Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Pasławska ◽  
Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak ◽  
Adrian Janiszewski ◽  
Józef Nicpoń
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Ebstein Anomaly ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of tricuspid dysplasia (TD) in dogs with respect to breed, age, sex, clinical signs, and echocardiographic findings and to compare this data with literature. TD was found in 15 dogs (6.5% of congenital cardiac disease) of 215 dogs with congenital heart defects. All dogs had right heart enlargement on thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Doppler echocardiography revealed tricuspid valve regurgitation. Seven dogs presented no clinical symptoms to date. TD took the form of Ebstein anomaly in all Labrador Retrievers, one Boxer, and one German Shepherd dog. TD predominated in males (11 males vs. three females). The body weight of the affected dogs, with the exception of the Miniature Schnauzer, exceeded 20 kg. Two dogs (Boxer and Bull Terrier) had additional congenital cardiac lesions in the form of mitral valve dysplasia. The most affected breeds in the study were the Labrador Retriever and Boxer.

Cytokine expression in dogs with naturalLeishmania infantuminfection

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PANARO ◽  
O. BRANDONISIO ◽  
A. CIANCIULLI ◽  
P. CAVALLO ◽  
V. LACASELLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
First Diagnosis

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine expression in 22Leishmania infantumnaturally infected dogs, in order to correlate this parameter with the clinical status of infected animals. After 4 and 8 months from the first diagnosis ofLeishmaniainfection, clinical and laboratory examination of dogs was performed and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. The cytokine profile was analysed in terms of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in cultured PBMC by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Thirteen out of 22Leishmania-infected dogs remained asymptomatic in the follow-up, while 9 showed clinical signs of leishmaniasis. IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were not significantly different in asymptomatic compared to symptomatic animals 4 months from the diagnosis ofLeishmaniainfection, but were significantly higher in symptomaticversusasymptomatic dogs after 8 months from diagnosis. In addition, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels significantly increased only in symptomatic dogs at 8 months, in comparison to the levels found at 4 months. These results show a mixed Th1 and Th2 cytokine response inLeishmania-infected dogs, with higher cytokine expression in dogs with manifest clinical disease, during the second follow-up after 8 months from the first diagnosis of infection.

scholarly journals Putative Aspergillus niger-induced oxalate nephrosis in sheep : clinical communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Botha ◽  
M. Truter ◽  
T. Bredell ◽  
L. Lange ◽  
M.S.G. Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Polarised Light

A sheep farmer provided a maize-based brewer's grain (mieliemaroek) and bales of Eragrostis curvula hay to ewes and their lambs, kept on zero-grazing in pens. The 'mieliemaroek' was visibly mouldy. After 14 days in the feedlot, clinical signs, including generalised weakness, ataxia of the hind limbs, tremors and recumbency, were noticed. Six ewes died within a period of 7 days. A post mortem examination was performed on 1 ewe. The carcass appeared to be cachectic with mild effusions into the body cavities; mild lung congestion and pallor of the kidneys were observed. Microscopical evaluation revealed nephrosis and birefringent oxalate crystals in the renal tubules when viewed under polarised light. A provisional diagnosis of oxalate nephrosis with subsequent kidney failure was made. Amongst other fungi, Aspergillus niger was isolated from 'mieliemaroek' samples submitted for fungal culture and identification. As A. niger is known to synthesise oxalates, a qualitative screen to detect oxalic acid in the mieliemaroek and purified A. niger isolates was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Oxalic acid was detected, which supported a diagnosis of soluble oxalate-induced nephropathy.

scholarly journals The Conundrum of Ventricular Dilatations Following Decompressive Craniectomy: Is Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt, The Only Panacea?

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja K. Kutty ◽  
Sunilkumar Balakrishnan Sreemathyamma ◽  
Jyothish Sivanandapanicker ◽  
Prasanth Asher ◽  
Rajmohan Bhanu Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Shunt Group ◽  
Csf Diversion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus (HCP) are sometimes a bewildering sequela of decompressive craniectomy (DC). The distinguishing criteria between both are less well defined. Majority of the studies quoted in the literature have defined HCP radiologically, rather than considering the clinical status of the patient. Accordingly, these patients have been treated with permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures. We hypothesize that asymptomatic ventriculomegaly following DC should undergo aspiration with cranioplasty and be followed up regularly. Materials and Methods: All patients with post-DC who were scheduled for cranioplasty and satisfied the radiological criteria for HCP were included. These patients were categorized into two groups. Group 1 included ventriculomegaly with clinical signs attributable to HCP and Group 2 constituted ventriculomegaly but no clinical signs attributable to HCP. All patients in Group 1 underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt followed by cranioplasty, whereas all patients in Group 2 underwent cranioplasty along with simultaneous ventriculostomy and temporary aspiration of the lateral ventricle. All patients were regularly followed as the outpatient basis. Results: There were 21 patients who developed ventriculomegaly following DC. There were 10 patients in Group 1 and 11 patients in Group 2. The average duration of follow-up was from 6 months to 2 years. Two patients in the shunt group - (group 1) had over drainage and required revision. One patient in aspiration group - (group 2) required permanent CSF diversion. Conclusion: Cranioplasty with aspiration is a viable option in selected group of patients in whom there is ventriculomegaly but no signs or symptoms attributable to HCP.

ONSET OF CLINICAL SIGNS IN CHILDREN WITH HIV-1 PERINATAL INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-344
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Sánchez ◽  
I. Celine Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Natural History Study ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Slow Progressors ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Timing Of Onset ◽  
Hiv 1

In this natural history study of perinatal HIV infection, the probability of remaining asymptomatic at 1 year was low (< 20%). Most children manifested clinical symptoms by 6 months; infants with severely depressed CD4 counts had even earlier onset of symptoms. No correlation was noted for maternal HIV risk, maternal clinical status at birth, infant sex, birth weight, gestational age or delivery mode, and timing of onset of any clinical sign. A distinction between rapid/slow progressors by CD4 count and onset of clinical symptoms is proposed; however, only scant data are provided for the slowest progressors (children > 5 years). Further clarification of such a distinction will likely impact future therapeutic intervention.

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