Dose-dependent relationship between social drinking and brain aging

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and can lead to many cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. Chronic alcohol use has a dose-dependent relationship with incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), where higher alcohol intake (>3 drinks a day) is associated with higher risk of AF. Meanwhile, low levels of chronic alcohol intake (<1 drink a day) is not associated with increased risk of AF. Mechanistically, chronic alcohol intake alters the structural, functional and electrical integrity of the atria, predisposing to AF. Increased screening can help identify AUD patients early on and provide the opportunity to educate on chronic alcohol use related risks, such as AF. The ideal treatment to reduce risk of incident or recurrent AF in AUD populations is abstinence.

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Dose-dependent relationship between serum metformin levels and glycemic control, insulin resistance and leptin levels in females newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.4236/jdm.2012.22028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kadhim Ali Kadhim ◽

Dowser Khalil Ismael ◽

Ban Hoshi Khalaf ◽

Khalid Ibrahim Hussein ◽

Munaf Hashim Zalzala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Antidepressant Medication Are Overrepresented in High-Dose Statin Treatment

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.608083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Leutner Michael ◽

Matzhold Caspar ◽

Kautzky Alexander ◽

Kaleta Michaela ◽

Thurner Stefan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Inpatient Care ◽

Low Dose ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Statin Treatment ◽

High Dose ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Different Types ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: To examine the dose-dependent relationship of different types of statins with the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and prescription of antidepressant medication.Methods: This cross-sectional study used medical claims data for the general Austrian population (n = 7,481,168) to identify all statin-treated patients. We analyzed all patients with MDD undergoing statin treatment and calculated the average defined daily dose for six different types of statins. In a sub-analysis conducted independently of inpatient care, we investigated all patients on antidepressant medication (statin-treated patients: n = 98,913; non-statin-treated patients: n = 789,683). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the risk of diagnosed MDD and prescription of antidepressant medication in patients treated with different types of statins and dosages compared to non-statin-treated patients.Results: In this study, there was an overrepresentation of MDD in statin-treated patients when compared to non-statin-treated patients (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20–1.25). However, there was a dose dependent relationship between statins and diagnosis of MDD. Compared to controls, the ORs of MDD were lower for low-dose statin-treated patients (simvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.54–0.64; atorvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.59–0.70; rosuvastatin>0– < =10 mg:OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.85). In higher statin dosages there was an overrepresentation of MDD (simvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.18–2.70, >60–80 mg:OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 4.21–6.60; atorvastatin>40– < =60 mg:OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.98–3.72, >60– < =80 mg:OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.22–6.28; rosuvastatin>20– < =40 mg:OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.31–3.34). The results were confirmed in a sex-specific analysis and in a cohort of patients taking antidepressants, prescribed independently of inpatient care.Conclusions: This study shows that it is important to carefully re-investigate the relationship between statins and MDD. High-dose statin treatment was related to an overrepresentation, low-dose statin treatment to an underrepresentation of MDD.

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A significant dose-dependent relationship between mercury exposure from dental amalgams and kidney integrity biomarkers

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327112455671 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 434-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

DA Geier ◽

T Carmody ◽

JK Kern ◽

PG King ◽

MR Geier

Keyword(s):

Mercury Exposure ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Dental Amalgams ◽

Dose Dependent

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CATECHOL OESTROGENS AND GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN THE EWE: AFFINITY FOR PITUITARY OESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN VITRO AND ACTION ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN VIVO

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0850503 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 503-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. J. CLARKE ◽

J. K. FINDLAY

Keyword(s):

Negative Feedback ◽

Oestrogen Receptor ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Concurrent Administration ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽

Dose Dependent

The binding of three catechol oestrogens, 2-OH-oestradiol-17β, 4-OH-oestrone and 2-OH-oestrone, to the ovine pituitary oestrogen receptor was measured in vitro to establish doses for the assessment of the effects of catechol oestrogens in vivo. Relative to oestradiol (100%) the compounds had receptor affinities of 30, 20 and 5% respectively. A dose of oestradiol sufficient to cause negative-feedback effects on the secretion of LH and FSH in ovariectomized ewes was established by intracarotid (i.c.) injections of 0·625–5·0 μg/dose (n = 3), and by measuring plasma levels of gonadotrophins in jugular venous samples taken at intervals of 20 min from 3 h before until 4 h after injection. A dose-dependent relationship (r = 0·88, P<0·001) was found for oestradiol and plasma LH levels. Plasma FSH was slightly (12–25%) but significantly (P<0·05) reduced by doses of 1·25–5·0 μg oestradiol, but no dose–response relationship was observed. Ovariectomized ewes (n = 4/group) were given 2·5 μg oestradiol (i.c.) simultaneously with 83 μg 2-OH-oestradiol, 125 μg 4-OH-oestrone or 500 μg 2-OH-oestrone. These doses of catechol oestrogens were chosen as being ten times that of oestradiol, with the relative affinities for oestrogen receptor taken into account. Concurrent administration of such doses of catechol oestrogens had no effect on the negative-feedback action of oestradiol in vivo. We have concluded that catechol oestrogens in the circulation probably do not modulate the action of oestradiol on release of LH or FSH; this does not preclude a possible role for them as locally produced regulators of oestrogen action.

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