A Dual Operator View of Habitual Behavior Reflecting Cortical and Striatal Dynamics

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity.

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Constraints on quasinormal modes and bounds for critical points from pole-skipping

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep03(2021)265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Navid Abbasi ◽

Matthias Kaminski

Keyword(s):

Critical Points ◽

Thermal State ◽

Quasinormal Modes ◽

Scalar Perturbation ◽

Black Brane ◽

Massive Scalar ◽

Dual Operator ◽

Conformal Dimension ◽

Scalar Operator ◽

First Time

Abstract We consider a holographic thermal state and perturb it by a scalar operator whose associated real-time Green’s function has only gapped poles. These gapped poles correspond to the non-hydrodynamic quasinormal modes of a massive scalar perturbation around a Schwarzschild black brane. Relations between pole-skipping points, critical points and quasinormal modes in general emerge when the mass of the scalar and hence the dual operator dimension is varied. First, this novel analysis reveals a relation between the location of a mode in the infinite tower of quasinormal modes and the number of pole-skipping points constraining its dispersion relation at imaginary momenta. Second, for the first time, we consider the radii of convergence of the derivative expansions about the gapped quasinormal modes. These convergence radii turn out to be bounded from above by the set of all pole-skipping points. Furthermore, a transition between two distinct classes of critical points occurs at a particular value for the conformal dimension, implying close relations between critical points and pole-skipping points in one of those two classes. We show numerically that all of our results are also true for gapped modes of vector and tensor operators.

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A global framework for a systemic view of brain modeling

Brain Informatics ◽

10.1186/s40708-021-00126-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Frederic Alexandre

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Conditioning ◽

The Body ◽

Posterior Cortex ◽

Reciprocal Relationships ◽

Brain Modeling ◽

Brain Theory ◽

Habitual Behavior ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Brain ◽

Specific Contribution

AbstractThe brain is a complex system, due to the heterogeneity of its structure, the diversity of the functions in which it participates and to its reciprocal relationships with the body and the environment. A systemic description of the brain is presented here, as a contribution to developing a brain theory and as a general framework where specific models in computational neuroscience can be integrated and associated with global information flows and cognitive functions. In an enactive view, this framework integrates the fundamental organization of the brain in sensorimotor loops with the internal and the external worlds, answering four fundamental questions (what, why, where and how). Our survival-oriented definition of behavior gives a prominent role to pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, augmented during phylogeny by the specific contribution of other kinds of learning, related to semantic memory in the posterior cortex, episodic memory in the hippocampus and working memory in the frontal cortex. This framework highlights that responses can be prepared in different ways, from pavlovian reflexes and habitual behavior to deliberations for goal-directed planning and reasoning, and explains that these different kinds of responses coexist, collaborate and compete for the control of behavior. It also lays emphasis on the fact that cognition can be described as a dynamical system of interacting memories, some acting to provide information to others, to replace them when they are not efficient enough, or to help for their improvement. Describing the brain as an architecture of learning systems has also strong implications in Machine Learning. Our biologically informed view of pavlovian and instrumental conditioning can be very precious to revisit classical Reinforcement Learning and provide a basis to ensure really autonomous learning.

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Habitual Behavior: Bridging the Gap between I-Intentionality and We-Intentionality

10.20935/al389 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

raffaela giovagnoli

Keyword(s):

Habitual Behavior

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Discussion: TEACHING, ACTING, AND BEHAVING

Harvard Educational Review ◽

10.17763/haer.35.2.u54108633j634n88 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 191-209

Keyword(s):

Habitual Behavior

In "Teaching, Acting, and Behaving" (HER, Fall, 1964)Thomas F. Green distinguished between "norm-regarding'behavior and "habitual" behavior. Three philosophers join Green in a discussion of the article.

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