Detection efficiency calculation for photons, electrons and positrons in a well detector. Part I: Analytical model

2009 ◽  
Vol 604 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pommé
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Calculation ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Detector Part ◽  
Well Detector

SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF PHOTOELECTRONS OF A SETUP OF P. AUGER FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
E. FOKITIS ◽  
S. MALTEZOS ◽  
K. PATRINOS ◽  
H. ROZAKI-MAVROULI
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Optical Filter ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Detector Geometry

The efficiency of a pixel detector using optical UV filters is determined in this work. Based on the Auger fluorescence detector geometry, we have calculated the overall efficiency of the pixel detector using an appropriate method that takes into account the particular spectral functions and the dependence on the angle of incidence of the optical filter used. Assuming extensive air shower (EAS) events developed with various inclinations generated by AIRES code, we calculated the number of electrons and positrons produced during the development of the EAS's. The detection efficiency of the pixel detector is taken into account in estimating the recorded signal (number of photoelectrons) for two sets of EAS simulations, corresponding to protons and iron nuclei, as primary particles.

scholarly journals Improved Analytical Model of an Outer Rotor Surface Permanent Magnet Machine for Efficiency Calculation with Thermal Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesavan Ramakrishnan ◽  
Pietro Romanazzi ◽  
Damir Zarko ◽  
Giampiero Mastinu ◽  
David A. Howey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet Machine ◽  
Efficiency Calculation ◽  
Outer Rotor ◽  
Rotor Surface

Fresnel interference in point-projection imaging of purple membrane

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 846-847
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
J. Spence ◽  
W. Qian ◽  
D. Taylor ◽  
K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Unit Cell Dimension ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
Point Projection ◽  
Inelastic Mean Free Path

Experimental point-projection shadow microscope (PPM) images of uncoated, unstained purple membrane (PM, bacteriorhodopsin, a membrane protein from Halobacterium holobium) were obtained recently using 100 volt electrons. The membrane thickness is about 5 nm and the hexagonal unit cell dimension 6 nm. The images show contrast around the edges of small holes, as shown in figure 1. The interior of the film is opaque. Since the inelastic mean free path for 100V electrons in carbon (about 6 Å) is much less than the sample thickness, the question arises that how much, if any, transmission of elastically scattered electrons occurs. A large inelastic contribution is also expected, attenuated by the reduced detection efficiency of the channel plate at low energies. Quantitative experiments using an energy-loss spectrometer are planned. Recently Shedd has shown that at about 100V contrast in PPM images of thin gold films can be explained as Fresnel interference effects between different pinholes in the film, separated by less than the coherence width.

Effect of energy filtering on micro-diffraction in the SEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 604-605
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso ◽  
Leo A. Fama ◽  
William B. Maxwell ◽  
Jerry L. Lehman ◽  
Hasso Weiland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Microchannel Plate ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Electron Channelling ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Angular Field Of View

Micro-diffraction based crystallography is essential to the design and development of many classes of ‘crafted materials’. Although the scanning electron microscope can provide crystallographic information with high spatial resolution, its current utility is severely limited by the low sensitivity of existing diffraction techniques (ref: Dingley). Previously, Joy showed that energy filtering increased contrast and pattern visibility in electron channelling. This present paper discribes the effect of energy filtering on EBSP sensitivity and backscattered SEM imaging.The EBSP detector consisted of an electron energy filter, a microchannel plate detector, a phosphor screen, optical coupler, and a slow scan CCD camera. The electrostatic energy filter used in this experiment was constructed as a cone with 5 coaxial electrodes. The angular field-of-view of the filter was approximately 38°. The microchannel plate, which was the initial sensing component, had high gain and had 50% to 80% detection efficiency for the low energy electrons that passed through the retarding field filter.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

ANALYTICAL MODEL OF SUPEREXCHANGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-911-C8-912
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Rakitin ◽  
V. T. Kalinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model

Preculaatities of evaluation of the effectiveness of flow deflection technologies

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
A. A. Kazakov ◽  
V. V. Chelepov ◽  
R. G. Ramazanov
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Efficiency Calculation ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Flow Deflection ◽  
Recovery Methods

The features of evaluation of the effectiveness of flow deflection technologies of enhanced oil recovery methods. It is shown that the effect of zeroing component intensification of fluid withdrawal leads to an overestimation of the effect of flow deflection technology (PRP). Used in oil companies practice PRP efficiency calculation, which consists in calculating the effect on each production well responsive to subsequent summation effects, leads to the selective taking into account only the positive components of PRP effect. Negative constituents — not taken into account and it brings overestimate over to overstating of efficiency. On actual examples the groundless overstating and understating of efficiency is shown overestimate at calculations on applied in petroleum companies by a calculation.

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