scholarly journals Minimum energy with infinite horizon: From stationary to non-stationary states

2022 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 103413
Author(s):  
P. Acquistapace ◽  
F. Gozzi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Infinite Horizon ◽  
Stationary States

Quantization of the momentum of an electromagnetic field in atoms and selection rules for optical transitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150267
Author(s):  
S. A. Pyroha
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Physical Reason ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Relations

The existing methods for calculating the energy of stationary states relate it to the energy of the electron, considering it negative in the atom. Formally, choosing a point that corresponds to zero potential energy you can assign a negative value to the electron energy. However, this approach does not answer many other questions, for example, the actual value of the energy of stationary states is unknown, but only the difference in energies between stationary states is known; the concept of “minimum energy of the system” loses its meaning (choosing the origin of the energy reference, we replace the minimum with the maximum, or vice versa); the physical reason for the stability of stationary states is not clear; it is impossible to reveal the physical reason for the introduction of selection rules, since the Heisenberg uncertainty relations exclude the analysis of the transition mechanism, replacing it with the concept of a “quantum leap”. Let us show that the energy of stationary states is the energy of a spherical capacitor, the covers of which are spheres whose radii are equal to the radius of the nuclear and corresponding stationary state. The energy of the ground state in the hydrogen atom is 0.8563997 MeV. The presence of charges and a magnetic field presupposes the circulation of energy in the volume of the atom (the Poynting vector is not zero). Revealed quantization of the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field in stationary states is [Formula: see text]. The change in the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field during transitions between stationary states in atoms removes the physical grounds for introducing selection rules. The analysis shows that the Heisenberg uncertainty relations are not universal, and their application in each specific case must be justified.

Minimum Energy Wind Dependent Optimised Path Generation for Multirotors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander McConville ◽  
Colin Greatwood ◽  
Duncan Hine ◽  
Peiman Moradi ◽  
Thomas S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Path Generation

Instant and Persistent Hydrogen Production Using Nano High Entropy Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar ◽  
Subramanian Nellaiappan ◽  
Ritesh Kumar ◽  
Kirtiman Deo Malviya ◽  
K. G. Pradeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Catalyst ◽  
Cell Anode ◽  
Fuel Cell Anode

<div>Renewable harvesting clean and hydrogen energy using the benefits of novel multicatalytic materials of high entropy alloy (HEA equimolar Cu-Ag-Au-Pt-Pd) from formic acid with minimum energy input has been achieved in the present investigation. The synthesis effect of pristine elements in the HEA drives the electro-oxidation reaction towards non-carbonaceous pathway . The atomistic simulation based on DFT rationalize the distinct lowering of the d-band center for the individual atoms in the HEA as compared to the pristine counterparts. This catalytic activity of the HEA has also been extended to methanol electro-oxidation to show the unique capability of the novel catalyst. The nanostructured HEA, properties using a combination of casting and cry omilling techniques can further be utilized as fuel cell anode in direct formic acid/methanol fuel cells (DFFE).<br></div>

Laplace watershed segmentation based on minimum energy

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-jun FENG ◽  
Bin CHEN ◽  
Xiang-hui ZHAO ◽  
Fan XIA
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Watershed Segmentation
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