Attainment versus maintenance goals: Perceived difficulty and impact on goal choice

Developing Business Intelligence (BI) has been a top priority for enterprise executives in recent years. To meet these demands, universities need to prepare students to work with BI in enterprise settings. In this study, we considered a business simulator that offers students opportunities to apply BI and make top-management decisions in a system used by real-world professionals. The simulation-based instruction can be effective only if students are not discouraged by the difficulty of using the BI computer system and comprehending the complex BI subjects. Constructivist practices embedded in the business simulation are investigated to understand their potentials for helping the students to overcome the perceived difficulty. Consequently, it would enable instructors to more efficiently use the simulator by providing insights on its pedagogical practices. Our findings showed that the constructivist practices such as collaboration and subject integration positively influence active learning and meaningful learning respectively. In turn, both active learning and meaningful learning positively influence business intelligence motivational behavior. These findings can be further used to develop a robust learning environment in BI classes.

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Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interpersonal community psychiatric treatment (ICPT) for people with long-term severe non-psychotic mental disorders: a multi-Centre randomized controlled trial

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03264-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mark van Veen ◽

Bauke Koekkoek ◽

Steven Teerenstra ◽

Eddy Adang ◽

Cornelis L. Mulder

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Illness Management ◽

Illness Management And Recovery ◽

Perceived Difficulty

Abstract Background Long-term community mental health treatment for non-psychotic disorder patients with severe mental illness (SMI) who are perceived as difficult by clinicians, is poorly developed and lacks a structured, goal-centred approach. This study compares (cost-)effectiveness of Interpersonal Community Psychiatric Treatment (ICPT) with Care As Usual (CAU) on quality of life and clinician perceived difficulty in the care for non-psychotic disorder SMI-patients. A multi-centre cluster-randomized clinical tria was conducted in which Community Mental Health Nurses (Clinicians) in three large community mental health services in the Netherlands were randomly allocated to providing either ICPT or CAU to included patients. A total of 56 clinicians were randomized, who treated a total of 93 patients (59 in ICPT-group and 34 in CAU-group). Methods Primary outcome measure is patient-perceived quality of life as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Secondary outcome measures include clinician-perceived difficulty, general mental health, treatment outcomes, illness management and recovery, therapeutic relationship, care needs and social network. Patients were assessed at baseline, during treatment (6 months), after treatment (12 months) and at 6 months follow-up (18 months). Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measurements were used to compare mean changes in primary and secondary outcomes between intervention and control group of patients over time on an intention to treat basis. Potential efficiency was investigated from a societal perspective. Economic evaluation was based on general principles of a cost-effectiveness analysis. Outcome measures for health economic evaluation, were costs, and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Results Half of the intended number of patients were recruited. There was no statistically significant treatment effect found in the MANSA (0.17, 95%-CI [− 0.058,0.431], p = 0.191). Treatment effects showed significant improvement in the Different Doctor-Patient Relationship Questionnaire-scores and a significant increase in the Illness Management and Recovery–scale Client-version scores). No effects of ICPT on societal and medical costs nor QALYs were found. Conclusions This is the first RCT to investigate the (cost)-effectiveness of ICPT. Compared with CAU, ICPT did not improve quality of life, but significantly reduced clinician-perceived difficulty, and increased subjective illness management and recovery. No effects on costs or QALY’s were found. Trial registration NTR 3988, registered 13 May 2013.

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How Consumers’ Political Ideology and Status-Maintenance Goals Interact to Shape Their Desire for Luxury Goods

Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1177/0022242918799699 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 132-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jeehye Christine Kim ◽

Brian Park ◽

David Dubois

Keyword(s):

Semantic Priming ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Social Stability ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Luxury Brands ◽

Luxury Consumption ◽

Luxury Goods ◽

Conservative Ideology ◽

The Status ◽

Maintenance Goals

This research distinguishes between the goal of maintaining status and advancing status and investigates how consumers’ political ideology triggers sensitivity to a status-maintenance (vs. status-advancement) goal, subsequently altering luxury consumption. Because conservative political ideology increases the preference for social stability, the authors propose that conservatives (vs. liberals) are more sensitive to status maintenance (but not status advancement) and thus exhibit a greater desire for luxury goods when the status-maintenance goal is activated. Six studies assessing status maintenance using sociodemographic characteristics (Studies 1, 2, and 3a) and controlled manipulations, including ad framing (Study 3b) and semantic priming (Studies 4 and 5), provide support for this proposition. The studies show that the effect is specific to status maintenance and does not occur (1) in the absence of a status goal or (2) when the status-advancement goal (a focus on increasing status) is activated. Overall, the findings reveal that conservatives’ desire for luxury goods stems from the goal of maintaining status and offer insights into how luxury brands can effectively tailor their communications to audiences with a conservative ideology.

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Football Equipment Design Affects Face Mask Removal Efficiency

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546504271753 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1210-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Erik E. Swartz ◽

Susan A. Norkus ◽

Tom Cappaert ◽

Laura C. Decoster

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Face Mask ◽

Equipment Design ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Spine Injury ◽

Success Rates ◽

Football Helmet ◽

Perceived Difficulty

Background Researchers have investigated the performance of face mask removal tools for spine injury management in football but not the effects of football equipment design. Hypotheses Various styles or designs of football helmet equipment (helmets, face masks, loop straps) affect face mask removal efficiency. A cordless screwdriver performs more efficiently than do cutting tools. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Nineteen certified athletic trainers were randomly assigned to group 1 (cordless screwdriver and the FM Extractor) or group 2 (cordless screwdriver and the Trainer's Angel). Subjects randomly performed face mask removal for 6 conditions composed of helmet (3), face mask (3), and loop strap (5) combinations. Time, head movement, perceived difficulty, and success rates were measured. Results Multiple significant differences were found in time, movement, and perceived difficulty between the 6 helmet equipment conditions. The Shockblocker loop strap was consistently superior in all variables regardless of the tool used or the helmet it was attached to. The cordless screwdriver created less movement (mean range from any one plane, 2.8°-13.3°), was faster (mean range, 42.1-68.8 seconds), and was less difficult (mean rating of perceived exertion range, 1.4-2.9) compared to cutting tools (ranges, 4.4°-18.4° in any one plane, 71-174 seconds, rating of perceived exertion, 2.8-7.7). Trial failure was more common with cutting tools than with the screwdriver. Conclusion Differences in football helmet equipment affect face mask removal. The cordless screwdriver is more efficient than the FM Extractor and Trainer's Angel. Clinical Relevance Professionals responsible for the care of football athletes must be knowledgeable in the types of equipment used and the best option available for effective airway access.

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Paired Comparisons or Sorting? Comparing Web-Based Methods for Collecting Similarity Data for Large Stimulus Sets for Destination Image Positioning

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/0047287516646220 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 482-495

Author(s):

Ilona Pezenka

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Destination Image ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Paired Comparisons ◽

Large Stimulus ◽

Web Based ◽

Perceptual Maps ◽

Perceived Difficulty ◽

Collection Methods

Destination image is among the most studied constructs in tourism research. Many researchers are still convinced that the rating scale method is the most accurate for assessing destination image. This study presents alternative methods of data collection, namely, free-sorting and reduced paired comparisons, and investigates their applicability in a Web-based environment. The study then subjects these data collection methods to empirical analysis and compares the judgment task’s effects on perceived difficulty, fatigue, and boredom, on data quality, and on perceptual maps derived with MDS. The findings demonstrate that these methods are more accurate whenever a large number of objects have to be judged, which is particularly the case for positioning and competitiveness studies.

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Proposal for Modeling Motivational Strategies for Autonomy Support in Physical Education

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7717

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Moreno-Murcia ◽

Julio Barrachina-Peris ◽

Manuel Ballester Campillo ◽

Estefanía Estévez ◽

Elisa Huéscar

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Autonomy Support ◽

Motivational Strategies ◽

Balanced Development ◽

Perceived Difficulty ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Motivational Style ◽

Support Autonomy ◽

The One

The motivational style that teachers adopt during their interactions with their students in class can have a significant influence on the search for optimal and balanced development. Knowing the role of motivation in generating positive change, the key is to define the strategies that constitute an adaptive motivational style of teaching. The aim of this study was to design and validate the set of motivational strategies to support autonomy that are framed within the Self-Determination Theory in the context of physical education classes. For this purpose, a five-phase process was designed and carried out in one study involving different samples of experts, teachers and students. On the one hand, 25 autonomy-supportive motivational strategies were obtained and organized according to their perceived difficulty. We also analyzed the importance attributed by teachers and the difficulty of implementing them, as well as the autonomy support perceived by students through these strategies. The results obtained made it possible to present a behavior-optimizing solution consisting of a progression of 25 autonomy support strategies. The results obtained are discussed in terms of their value in the design of educational scenarios that promote high-quality student motivation.

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ON THE PROBLEMS OF PERCEIVED DIFFICULTY

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9450.1971.tb00628.x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 249-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Gunnar Borg ◽

Oswald Bratfisch ◽

Stanislav Dorni'c

Keyword(s):

Perceived Difficulty

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Perceived Difficulty and Motivated Cognitive Effort in a Computer-Simulated Forest Firefighting Task

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.115 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 115-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mary M. Omodei ◽

Alexander J. Wearing

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Task ◽

Cognitive Effort ◽

Expectancy Value ◽

Psychological Phenomena ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Perceived Difficulty ◽

Research Designs

Two studies ( ns 28 and 55) were conducted to investigate the extent to which proposed relationships between perceived difficulty and motivated cognitive effort generalise to realistic, complex, ill-defined, ongoing situations. A computerised microworld generator, Fire Chief, was used to create an appropriate cognitive task. Using complementary research designs, no significant relationships were obtained between either perceived difficulty or proximity to preferred difficulty and on-task motivated cognitive effort assessed by self-referent importance, intended effort, and subjectively felt arousal. The implications of these findings for expectancy-value approaches to motivation are discussed. Attention is drawn to the extent to which the two studies illustrate the use of the Fire Chief microworld generator for the investigation of psychological phenomena.

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