Water use of selected cover crop species commonly grown in South African fruit orchards and their response to drought stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 103070
Author(s):  
Z. Ntshidi ◽  
S. Dzikiti ◽  
D. Mazvimavi ◽  
N.T. Mobe ◽  
Y.P. Mkunyana
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fruit Orchards

scholarly journals Impact of Ambient and Elevated [CO2] in Low Light Levels on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Uptake of Tropical Perennial Legume Cover Crops

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Virupax C. Baligar ◽  
Marshall K. Elson ◽  
Zhenli He ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Arlicelio de Q. Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Perennial Legume

At early stages of establishment of tropical plantation crops, inclusion of legume cover crops could reduce soil degradation due to erosion and nutrient leaching. As understory plants these cover crops receive limited irradiance and can be subjected to elevated CO2 at ground level. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of ambient (450 µmol mol−1) and elevated (700 µmol mol−1) levels of [CO2] on growth, physiological changes and nutrient uptake of six perennial legume cover crops (Perennial Peanut, Ea-Ea, Mucuna, Pigeon pea, Lab lab, Cowpea) under low levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 100, 200, and 400 µmol m−2 s−1). Overall, total and root dry biomass, total root length, specific leaf area, and relative growth rates were significantly influenced by levels of [CO2] and PPFD and cover crop species. With few exceptions, all the cover crops showed significant effects of [CO2], PPFD, and species on net photosynthesis (PN) and its components, such as stomatal conductance (gs) internal CO2 conc. (Ci), and transpiration (E). Increasing [CO2], from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol ּm−2 ּs−1 increased PN. Overall, the levels of [CO2], PPFD and species significantly affected total water use efficiency (WUETOTAL), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEINST) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEINTR). With some exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] and PPFD increased all the WUE parameters. Interspecific differences were observed with respect to macro-micro nutrient uptake and use efficiency. With a few exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol m−2 s−1 increased nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of all nutrients by cover crop species.

Water-use efficiency of crops under drought: A global meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Yu ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xiaodong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Crops are facing greater drought stress and are being relocated to more arid regions as the climate changes. Ranking high-yield crops according to their efficient and sustainable use of water resources under drought stress is critical for selecting suitable crops to relieve the stress on food security and water resources in dryland agricultural regions. A global meta-analysis was conducted by incorporating 907 experimental observations from 96 research studies to assess the water-use efficiency (WUE) of 40 crop species under drought stress conditions across various environments. The results showed that compared with well-watered conditions, drought stress decreased crop WUE significantly by an average of 2.8%, but the effects varied among crop species. Most (93.6%) of the variance in crop WUE could be explained by four factors and drought intensity was the most important factor (32.9%), followed by climate type (23.5%), soil texture (20.2%), and crop type (17.1%). Perennial, liana, fiber, and fruit crops displayed the largest increases in WUE under drought stress. Moreover, crops grown in semi-arid regions with medium-textured soil and a drought intensity of < 20% showed the best WUE performance relative to crops grown in other environments. The specific ranks of crops according to their WUE in response to drought across different environments were given. This study highlights factors affecting the WUE of crops in response to drought and provides high-yield crop candidates that can adapt to drought in drylands. The dataset has been made freely available and could be updated with more crop species in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Comparing transcriptional responses to Fusarium crown rot in wheat and barley identified an important relationship between disease resistance and drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Su ◽  
J. J. Powell ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
M. Zhou ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

Nano-ZnO alleviates drought stress via modulating the plant water use and carbohydrate metabolism in maize

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Luying Sun ◽  
Fengbin Song ◽  
Xiancan Zhu ◽  
Shengqun Liu ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Plant Water Use

scholarly journals WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
F.S. EL-NAKHLAWY ◽  
S.M. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

scholarly journals Redistribution of phosphorus in soil through cover crop roots

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio C. Franchini ◽  
Marcos A. Pavan ◽  
Mário Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P

The objective of this study was to evaluate if cover crops can absorb P from the upper layers and transport it in their roots to subsoil layers. Samples of an Oxisol were placed in PVC columns. Super phosphate fertilizer was applied to the 0-10 cm soil surface layers. The cover crops tested were: Avena strigosa, Avena sativa, Secale cereale, Pisum sativum subsp arvense, Pisum sativum, Vicia villosa, Vicia sativa, Lupinus angustifoliu, Lupinus albus, and Triticum aestivum. After a growth period of 80 days the cover crop shoots were cut off and the soil was divided into 10cm layers and the roots of each layer were washed out. The roots and shoots were analyzed separated for total P contribution to the soil. Considerable amount of P was present in the roots of cover crops. Vicia sativa contained more than 60% of total plant P in the roots. The contribution of Vicia sativa to soil P bellow the fertilized zone was about 7 kg ha-1. It thus appeared that there existed a possibility of P redistribution into the soil under no tillage by using cover crops in rotation with cash crops. Vicia sativa was the most efficient cover crop species as P carrier into the roots from superficial layer to lower layers.

scholarly journals Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
J. Dhungel ◽  
S. P. Bhattarai ◽  
M. Torabi ◽  
L. Pendergast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Use Efficiency
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