Molecular determinants of the interaction between human high molecular weight kininogen and Candida albicans cell wall: Identification of kininogen-binding proteins on fungal cell wall and mapping the cell wall-binding regions on kininogen molecule

Peptides ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2488-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta ◽  
Sylwia Kedracka-Krok ◽  
Maria Rapala-Kozik ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz ◽  
Sylwia Bielinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Binding ◽  
Molecular Determinants

scholarly journals 11g, a Potent Antifungal Candidate, Enhances Candida albicans Immunogenicity by Unmasking β-Glucan in Fungal Cell Wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Tingjunhong Ni ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Lan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell

scholarly journals Interaction of high-molecular-weight kininogen with endothelial cell binding proteins suPAR, gC1qR and cytokeratin 1 determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance (BiaCore)

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (06) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhane Ghebrehiwet ◽  
Kusumam Joseph ◽  
Alice Kao ◽  
Khalil Bdeir ◽  
Douglas Cines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Cell Binding

SummaryThe physiologic activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system requires the assembly of its constituents on a cell membrane. High-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and cleaved HK (HKa) both interact with at least three endothelial cell binding proteins: urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), globular C1q receptor (gC1qR,) and cytokeratin 1 (CK1). The affinity of HK and HKa for endothelial cells are KD=7–52 nM. The contribution of each protein is unknown. We examined the direct binding of HK and HKa to the soluble extracellular form of uPAR (suPAR), gC1qR and CK1 using surface plasmon resonance. Each binding protein linked to a CM-5 chip and the association, dissociation and KD (equilibrium constant) were measured. The interaction of HK and HKa with each binding protein was zinc-dependent. The affinity for HK and HKa was gC1qR>CK1>suPAR, indicating that gC1qR is dominant for binding. The affinity for HKa compared to HK was the same for gC1qR, 2.6-fold tighter for CK1 but 53-fold tighter for suPAR. Complex between binding proteins was only observed between gC1qR and CK1 indicating that a binary CK1-gC1qR complex can form independently of kininogen. Although suPAR has the weakest affinity of the three binding proteins, it is the only one that distinguished between HK and HKa. This finding indicates that uPAR may be a key membrane binding protein for differential binding and signalling between the cleaved and uncleaved forms of kininogen. The role of CK1 and gC1qR may be to initially bind HK to the membrane surface before productive cleavage to HKa.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activities of Peptides Derived from Domain 5 of High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sonesson ◽  
Emma Andersson Nordahl ◽  
Martin Malmsten ◽  
Artur Schmidtchen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Contact System ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Modified Peptides

In both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, Candida and Malassezia are causing or triggering clinical manifestations such as cutaneous infections and atopic eczema. The innate immune system provides rapid responses to microbial invaders, without requiring prior stimulation, through a sophisticated system of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and components of the contact system have previously been reported to bind to Candida and other pathogens, leading to activation of the contact system. A cutaneous Candida infection is characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils, leading to an inflammatory response and release of enzymatically active substances. In the present study we demonstrate that antifungal peptide fragments are generated through proteolytic degradation of HMWK. The recombinant domain 5 (rD5) of HMWK, D5-derived peptides, as well as hydrophobically modified D5-derived peptides efficiently killed Candida and Malassezia. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of modified peptides was studied at physiological conditions. Binding of a D5-derived peptide, HKH20 (His479-His498), to the fungal cell membrane was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Our data disclose a novel antifungal activity of D5-derived peptides and also show that proteolytic cleavage of HMWK results in fragments exerting antifungal activity. Of therapeutic interest is that structurally modified peptides show an enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals A Whole-Cell Candida albicans Assay for the Detection of Inhibitors towards Fungal Cell Wall Synthesis and Assembly.

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. FROST ◽  
KIM D. BRANDT ◽  
DAVID CUGIER ◽  
ROBERT GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Whole Cell

scholarly journals Analysis of the 3H8 antigen of Candida albicans reveals new aspects of the organization of fungal cell wall proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sentandreu ◽  
Antonio Caminero ◽  
Itzel Rentería ◽  
Claudia León-Ramirez ◽  
Luis González-de-la-Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Fungal Cell

scholarly journals The Viscoelastic Properties of the Fungal Cell Wall Allow Traffic of AmBisome as Intact Liposome Vesicles

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Walker ◽  
Prashant Sood ◽  
Megan D. Lenardon ◽  
Gillian Milne ◽  
Jon Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Cell Wall Porosity

ABSTRACT The fungal cell wall is a critically important structure that represents a permeability barrier and protective shield. We probed Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with liposomes containing amphotericin B (AmBisome), with or without 15-nm colloidal gold particles. The liposomes have a diameter of 60 to 80 nm, and yet their mode of action requires them to penetrate the fungal cell wall to deliver amphotericin B to the cell membrane, where it binds to ergosterol. Surprisingly, using cryofixation techniques with electron microscopy, we observed that the liposomes remained intact during transit through the cell wall of both yeast species, even though the predicted porosity of the cell wall (pore size, ~5.8 nm) is theoretically too small to allow these liposomes to pass through intact. C. albicans mutants with altered cell wall thickness and composition were similar in both their in vitro AmBisome susceptibility and the ability of liposomes to penetrate the cell wall. AmBisome exposed to ergosterol-deficient C. albicans failed to penetrate beyond the mannoprotein-rich outer cell wall layer. Melanization of C. neoformans and the absence of amphotericin B in the liposomes were also associated with a significant reduction in liposome penetration. Therefore, AmBisome can reach cell membranes intact, implying that fungal cell wall viscoelastic properties are permissive to vesicular structures. The fact that AmBisome can transit through chemically diverse cell wall matrices when these liposomes are larger than the theoretical cell wall porosity suggests that the wall is capable of rapid remodeling, which may also be the mechanism for release of extracellular vesicles. IMPORTANCE AmBisome is a broad-spectrum fungicidal antifungal agent in which the hydrophobic polyene antibiotic amphotericin B is packaged within a 60- to 80-nm liposome. The mode of action involves perturbation of the fungal cell membrane by selectively binding to ergosterol, thereby disrupting membrane function. We report that the AmBisome liposome transits through the cell walls of both Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans intact, despite the fact that the liposome is larger than the theoretical cell wall porosity. This implies that the cell wall has deformable, viscoelastic properties that are permissive to transwall vesicular traffic. These observations help explain the low toxicity of AmBisome, which can deliver its payload directly to the cell membrane without unloading the polyene in the cell wall. In addition, these findings suggest that extracellular vesicles may also be able to pass through the cell wall to deliver soluble and membrane-bound effectors and other molecules to the extracellular space.

scholarly journals Iron alters the cell wall composition and intracellular lactate to affect Candida albicans susceptibility to antifungals and host immune response

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (29) ◽  
pp. 10032-10044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Tripathi ◽  
Elisabetta Liverani ◽  
Alexander Y. Tsygankov ◽  
Sumant Puri
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture

Fungal pathogen Candida albicans has a complex cell wall consisting of an outer layer of mannans and an inner layer of β-glucans and chitin. The fungal cell wall is the primary target for antifungals and is recognized by host immune cells. Environmental conditions such as carbon sources, pH, temperature, and oxygen tension can modulate the fungal cell wall architecture. Cellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, are responsible for sensing environmental cues and mediating cell wall alterations. Although iron has recently been shown to affect β-1,3-glucan exposure on the cell wall, we report here that iron changes the composition of all major C. albicans cell wall components. Specifically, high iron decreased the levels of mannans (including phosphomannans) and chitin; and increased β-1,3-glucan levels. These changes increased the resistance of C. albicans to cell wall-perturbing antifungals. Moreover, high iron cells exhibited adequate mitochondrial functioning; leading to a reduction in accumulation of lactate that signals through the transcription factor Crz1 to induce β-1,3-glucan masking in C. albicans. We show here that iron-induced changes in β-1,3-glucan exposure are lactate-dependent; and high iron causes β-1,3-glucan exposure by preventing lactate-induced, Crz1-mediated inhibition of activation of the fungal MAPK Cek1. Furthermore, despite exhibiting enhanced antifungal resistance, high iron C. albicans cells had reduced survival upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Our results underscore the role of iron as an environmental signal in multiple signaling pathways that alter cell wall architecture in C. albicans, thereby affecting its survival upon exposure to antifungals and host immune response.

The Contact Phase of Blood Coagulation in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Christe ◽  
P Gattlen ◽  
J Fritschi ◽  
B Lämmle ◽  
W Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
C1 Inhibitor ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

SummaryThe contact phase has been studied in diabetics and patients with macroangiopathy. Factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) are normal. C1-inhibitor and also α2-macroglobulin are significantly elevated in diabetics with complications, for α1-macroglobulin especially in patients with nephropathy, 137.5% ± 36.0 (p <0.001). C1-inhibitor is also increased in vasculopathy without diabetes 113.2 ± 22.1 (p <0.01).Prekallikrein (PK) is increased in all patients’ groups (Table 2) as compared to normals. PK is particularly high (134% ± 32) in 5 diabetics without macroangiopathy but with sensomotor neuropathy. This difference is remarkable because of the older age of diabetics and the negative correlation of PK with age in normals.

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