Corrigendum to “Evaluation of Physical and Emotional Responses to Vibrotactile Stimulation of the Forearm in Young Adults, the Elderly, and Transradial Amputees” [Physiol. Behav. (138), (2015) 87–93]

Incidence of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults is rising. However, etiology remains unknown in 30–40% of these patients when current classification systems designed for the elderly are used. Our aim was to identify risk factors according to a pediatric approach, which might lead to both better identification of risk factors and provide a stepping stone for the understanding of disease mechanism, particularly in patients currently classified as “unknown etiology”. Risk factors of 656 young stroke patients (aged 18–50) of the FUTURE study were categorized according to the “International Pediatric Stroke Study” (IPSS), with stratification on gender, age and stroke of “unknown etiology”. Categorization of risk factors into ≥1 IPSS category was possible in 94% of young stroke patients. Chronic systemic conditions were more present in patients aged <35 compared to patients ≥35 (32.6% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.05). Among 226 patients classified as “stroke of unknown etiology” using TOAST, we found risk factors in 199 patients (88%) with the IPSS approach. We identified multiple risk factors linked to other mechanisms of stroke in the young than in the elderly . This can be a valuable starting point to develop an etiologic classification system specifically designed for young stroke patients.

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Mechanisms of passing through short exits for the elderly and young adults

Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice ◽

10.1016/j.tra.2021.07.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 195-213

Author(s):

Xiangxia Ren ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Weiguo Song ◽

Shuchao Cao

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

The Elderly

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Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in elderly and young subjects

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.6.e983 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (6) ◽

pp. E983-E989 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. Sial ◽

A. R. Coggan ◽

R. Carroll ◽

J. Goodwin ◽

S. Klein

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Relative Intensity ◽

The Elderly ◽

Absolute Intensity ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise

We evaluated the effect of aging on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during moderate intensity exercise. Glycerol, free fatty acid (FFA), and glucose rate of appearance (Ra) in plasma and substrate oxidation were determined during 60 min of cycle ergometer exercise in six elderly (73 +/- 2 yr) and six young adults (26 +/- 2 yr) matched by gender and lean body mass. The elderly group was studied during exercise performed at 56 +/- 3% of maximum oxygen uptake, whereas the young adults were studied during exercise performed at the same absolute and at a similar relative intensity as the elderly subjects. Mean fat oxidation during exercise was 25-35% lower in the elderly subjects than in the young adults exercising at either the same absolute or similar relative intensities (P < 0.05). Mean carbohydrate oxidation in the elderly group was 35% higher than the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.001) but 40% lower than the young adults exercising at the same relative intensity (P < 0.001). Average FFA Ra in the elderly subjects was 85% higher than in the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.05) but 35% lower than the young adults exercising at a similar relative intensity (P < 0.05). We conclude that fat oxidation is decreased while carbohydrate oxidation is increased during moderate intensity exercise in elderly men and women. The shift in substrate oxidation was caused by age-related changes in skeletal muscle respiratory capacity because lipolytic rates and FFA availability were not rate limiting in the older subjects.

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