Increase in aquaporin activity is involved in leaf succulence of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, under salinity

Plant Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-Hua Qi ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Bao-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Leaf Succulence

scholarly journals Physiological and Spectral Response of the Halophyte Suaeda Salsa to Salt Stress in a Coastal Wetland Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Lu ◽  
Yanqin Tian ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Yurong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Leaf Succulence

In order to understand the response mechanism between plant stress, physiological indicators and hyperspectral indices, pot experiments were conducted on Suaeda salsa seedlings collected from a coastal wetland area to reveal the effects of salt stress on the physiological indicators and reflectance spectra of Suaeda salsa at the canopy and leaf level. The Suaeda salsa seedlings were exposed to seven salt treatments of different concentrations (0 mmol/L (control), 50 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, 200 mmol/L, 300 mmol/L, 400 mmol/L, and 600 mmol/L) in natural conditions. The physiological indicators of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf succulence, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content were measured, in addition to the reflectance spectra of Suaeda salsa at both the canopy and leaf level. Firstly, the effects of salt stress on the physiological indicators and reflectance spectra were analyzed by the qualitative and quantitative methods. Then, physiological indicators sensitive to salt stress were further retrieved. Afterwards hyperspectral indices such as a/b and ((a-b)/(a+b) ) sensitive to salt stress were also extracted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls (S-N-K) comparison test. Our results showed that plant height, root length, leaf succulence, biomass, Chl-a, and Chl-b were sensitive to salt stress, while carotenoids (Car) and relative water content on the root were not significantly affected by salt stress. At the salt concentration of 200 mmol/L, plant height, biomass, relative water content, leaf succulence peaked. With enhanced salt stress, physiological indicators decreased. The first-order derivative spectral reflectance has the highest correlation with salt stress, compared to the control. The spectral index most sensitive to the salt stress at the canopy level is (D903−D851)/(D903+D851), for which the multiple determination coefficient (r2) is 0.9216. While the most sensitive spectral index to the salt stress is (D442−D667)/(D442+D667) at the leaf level, for which the r2 is −0.898. In summary, the results indicated that there exists the quantitative relationship between the physiological indicators and spectra reflectance under salt stress and hyperspectral plant indices can effectively estimate the degree of salt stress. The inconsistency between the diagnostic hyperspectral plant indices at the canopy and leaf levels may be caused by the observation conditions, canopy structure.

Leaf metabolites profiling between red and green phenotypes of Suaeda salsa by widely targeted metabolomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Junhong Bai ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guangliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Leaf Succulence

The Chenopodiaceae Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. is a traditional Chinese medicine and food with green and red phenotypes in the Yellow River Delta. We identified 521 metabolites using widely targeted metabolomics, of which 165 were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the leaf traits of different phenotypes of S. salsa. Two anthocyanins (i.e. cyanidin O-acetylhexoside and delphinidin-3-O-(6ʹ-O-α-rhamnopyranosy l-β-glucopyranoside)) were responsible for red colour in red leaves of S. salsa. Gallic acid, which existed only in red one, was the main reason for leaf succulence. D-arabitol and ribitol were two significantly upregulated carbohydrates in red phenotype. Four alkaloids (i.e. harmaline, aminophylline, pipecolate and trigonelline) were upregulated in red leaves. Hormonal changed involved a decrease in indoleacetic acid-valine (IAA-Val), N6-isopentenyladenosine-5ʹ-monophosphate (iPRMP), isopentenyladenineriboside (iPR), trans-abscisic acid (S-ABA), salicylic acid O-hexoside, methyl jasmonate, N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside iso2, trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside, and a tendency for dihydrozeatin 9-O-glucoside (DZ9G) down accumulation. In addition, the regulation of amino acids and lipids also contributed to the adaptation of red phenotype to harsh environment. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between two phenotypes of S. salsa and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.

Applicability of optimized hyperspectral indices for estimating Betalain content in Suaeda salsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 5215-5235
Author(s):  
Rukeya Sawut ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Nijat Kasim ◽  
Wei Tao
Keyword(s):  
Suaeda Salsa

New circumscription of Cryptanthus and new Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera  (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular phylogeny

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELTON M. C. LEME ◽  
SASCHA HELLER ◽  
GEORG ZIZKA ◽  
HEIDEMARIE HALBRITTER
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Stigma Morphology ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Petal Size

The authors provide a new circumscription for genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” of Bromeliaceae subfam. Bromelioideae, originally composed of Cryptanthus, Lapanthus, Orthophytum, and Sincoraea, on the basis of new or re-evaluated ecological, geographical and morphological evidence, as well as molecular phylogenies. A new generic status is proposed for Cryptanthus subg. Hoplocryptanthus and two new genera, Forzzaea, and Rokautskyia, as well as four new subgenera in Orthophytum (Capixabanthus, Clavanthus, Krenakanthus, and Orthocryptanthus) are described to render taxonomic units monophyletic. The recognized taxa are well circumscribed by the combination of geographical range, ecology and morphological characters (sex distribution, leaf succulence, sepal and petal size and connation, petal appendages, pollen and stigma morphology, fruit size, calyx persistency, seed size and number per fruit). Field collected living specimens of 78 of the 81 species of Cryptanthus s.l., all species of Lapanthus, 58 of the 59 species of Orthophytum, and all species of Sincoraea were analysed in habitat and/or in cultivation, allowing the documentation and illustration of new and underutilized characters. The molecular analysis incorporated 91 accessions representing 33 species of Cryptanthus, all species (3) of Lapanthus, 42 species of Orthophytum, and 9 species of Sincoraea, including the type species for the first three genera and four outgroup taxa. The results suggest, that some morphological characters generally considered homoplasious for Bromelioideae, for the “Cryptanthoid complex”, are not homoplasious at least within the obtained, biogeographycally well delimited clades and their taxonomical utility is redeemed.

scholarly journals A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Sun Leaves

Leaf succulence has important physiological and ecological implications. Currently it is quantified by Delf's index (fresh weight/leaf area) and fresh weight/ dry weight ratio. Both indeces are reconsidered and a new index is proposed. Shade and sun leaves from terrestrial, hemiepiphytic and epiphytic aroids were studied. Delf's formula, which does not consider dry weight, overestimated leaf succulence. As fresh weight / dry weight ratio (fw / dw) does not consider leaf area, plants with the same fw / dw ratio were more than five times different in area. The last case was only possible with a decrease in surface / volume ratio and a increase of mesophyll thickness, components not measured by fw / dw ratio. The new index proposed here, which takes into consideration dry weight and leaf area, showed a high correlation to mesophyll thickness.

scholarly journals Metabolic Differences Between Suaeda Salsa and Puccinellia Tenuiflora Under Saline-alkali Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Huansong Xie ◽  
Guanyun Wei ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Puccinellia Tenuiflora

Abstract Background: Salinization of soil is an urgent problem that restricts agroforestry production and environment protection. Substantial accumulation of metal ion or high alkaline alters plant metabolites and may even cause plant death. In order to explore the differences in the response strategies between Suaeda salsa (S. salsa) and Puccinellia tenuiflora (P. tenuiflora), two main constructive species that survive in saline-alkali soil, their metabolic differences were characterized.Result: Metabolomics was conducted to study the role of metabolic differences between S. salsa and P. tenuiflora under saline-alkali stress. A total of 68 significantly different metabolites were identified by GC-MS, including 9 sugars, 13 amino acids, 8 alcohols, and 34 acids. A more detailed analysis indicated that P. tenuiflora utilizes sugars more effectively and may be salt-alkali tolerant via sugar consumption while S. salsa mainly utilizes amino acids, alcohols, and acids to resist salt-alkali stress. Measurement of phenolic compounds showed that more C6C3C6-compounds were accumulated in P. tenuiflora while more C6C1-compounds, phenolic compounds that can be used to defense stress as signaling molecules, were accumulated in S. salsa.Conclusion: Our observations suggest that S. salsa resists the toxicity of saline-alkali stress using aboveground organs and P. tenuiflora eliminates the poison of saline-alkali via roots. S. salsa has a stronger ability of habitat transformation and can provide better habitat for other plants.

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