Dormancy removal by cold stratification increases glutathione and S-nitrosoglutathione content in apple seeds

During cold stratification of apple seeds both dormancy removal and initiation of the germination process occur. To characterize these two processes and to dissociate them from each other, two different cold treatments were used. One of them (cold treatment within the fruits) excluded the germination process, the other corresponded to classical stratification. Control treatments at moderate temperature were also applied. Starch accumulated in the radicle during breaking of embryo dormancy by stratification, whereas it disappeared when dormancy was broken inside the fruits. The comparison of starch changes at 0 and at 20 °C also showed that these changes cannot be related to dormancy release. Moreover, no proteolysis occurred whether dormancy was broken or not. Proteolysis observed during stratification of the embryos seemed to be linked to their imbibition (the first step of the germination). These data refute previous observations on this problem; they demonstrate that neither starch variations nor reserve protein changes can be related to breaking of embryo dormancy.

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Dormancy removal of apple seeds by cold stratification is associated with fluctuation in H2O2, NO production and protein carbonylation level

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 170 (5) ◽

pp. 480-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Karolina Dębska ◽

Urszula Krasuska ◽

Katarzyna Budnicka ◽

Renata Bogatek ◽

Agnieszka Gniazdowska

Keyword(s):

Protein Carbonylation ◽

No Production ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Apple Seeds

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Effects of cold stratification and dry storage at room temperature on seed germination of eight desert species from the Hexi Corridor of China

Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1258.2012.00791 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 791-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ju-Hong WANG ◽

Rui-Jun MA ◽

Wen CHEN

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Hexi Corridor ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dry Storage ◽

Desert Species

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Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1765

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Lian-Wei Qu ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Li Xue ◽

Han-Ping Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Commercial Breeding ◽

Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

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Taiwanese montaneSambucus chinensisseeds require warm stratification, contrasting with other congeneric temperate members

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258514000130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 217-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shun-Ying Chen ◽

Ching-Te Chien ◽

Siti N. Hidayati ◽

Jeffrey L. Walck

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Northern Latitudes ◽

Northern Hemispheric ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

Seed Characteristics

AbstractMany temperate plant genera, likeSambucus, have species with range disjunctions among North America, Europe and/or Asia. Cold stratification (sometimes in combination with warm stratification) is the primary mechanism to break seed dormancy in these species. For some of these genera showing Northern Hemispheric disjunctions, members also occur in subtropical or tropical regions, mostly confined to higher elevations where climate and vegetation differ from those in northern latitudes. We made two hypotheses concerning germination for the subtropical TaiwaneseSambucus chinensis: (1) seeds from populations exposed to warm temperatures would require warm stratification, and (2) seeds from populations exposed to cold temperatures need cold stratification. We investigated the germination (including embryo growth) of non-stratified seeds over a range of temperatures and tested the effects of cold stratification and of gibberellins GA3and GA4on germination. The amount and timing of germination among populations varied substantially in response to temperature treatments. Seeds from all populations of this species required warm temperatures for dormancy break and germination, regardless of environmental conditions. As such, the majority of seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, which, until now, has not been reported in any members ofSambucus. The seed characteristics of the subtropicalS. chinensisare different from those of temperate members of the genus in which cold stratification is the predominate treatment to overcome dormancy.

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