Changes in content of steroid regulators during cold hardening of winter wheat - Steroid physiological/biochemical activity and impact on frost tolerance

Improper postsowing compaction negatively affects soil temperature and thereby cold and frost tolerance, particularly in extreme cold weather. In North China Plain, the temperature falls to 5 degrees below zero, even lower in winter, which is period for winter wheat growing. Thus improving temperature to promote wheat growth is important in this area. A field experiment from 2013 to 2016 was conducted to evaluate effects of postsowing compaction on soil temperature and plant population of wheat at different stages during wintering period. The effect of three postsowing compaction methods—(1) compacting wheel (CW), (2) crosskill roller (CR), and (3) V-shaped compacting roller after crosskill roller (VCRCR)—on winter soil temperatures and relation to wheat shoot growth parameters were measured. Results showed that the highest soil midwinter temperature was in the CW treatment. In the 20 cm and 40 cm soil layer, soil temperatures were ranked in the following order of CW > VCRCR > CR. Shoot numbers under CW, CR, and VCRCR treatments were statistically 12.40% and 8.18% higher under CW treatment compared to CR or VCRCR treatments at the end of wintering period. The higher soil temperature under CW treatment resulted in higher shoot number at the end of wintering period, apparently due to reduced shoot death by cold and frost damage.

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Antioxidant function of alternative oxidase in mitochondria of winter wheat during cold hardening

Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series A Membrane and Cell Biology ◽

10.1134/s1990747811040040 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. I. Grabel’nykh ◽

T. P. Pobezhimova ◽

N. S. Pavlovskaya ◽

N. A. Koroleva ◽

O. A. Borovik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Alternative Oxidase ◽

Cold Hardening ◽

Antioxidant Function

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Effect of cold hardening on the phenolic complex of winter wheat leaves

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1134/s1021443706040108 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

N. A. Olenichenko ◽

V. I. Ossipov ◽

N. V. Zagoskina

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Cold Hardening ◽

Wheat Leaves

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COLD HARDENING AND COLD HARDINESS OF YOUNG WINTER RYE SEEDLINGS AS AFFECTED BY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND TEMPERATURE

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b60-035 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 353-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. E. Andrews

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

Cold Hardening ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

High Level ◽

Two Stages

Young winter rye seedlings, grown and hardened at 1° or 1.5 °C in the dark, developed a high level of cold hardiness at two stages prior to emergence of the first leaf. The first maximum occurred when coleoptiles were less than about 1 mm in length and was followed by a decrease in hardiness. A second and higher maximum occurred when coleoptiles were about 15–30 mm in length (5 weeks at 1.5 °C; 7 weeks at 1 °C) and it was followed by a rapid decrease in hardiness beginning at about the time the leaf broke through the coleoptile. Genetic differences corresponding with those obtained in the field were established by hardening seedlings for 7 weeks at 1 °C and exposure to −15 °C for 16 hours or by hardening for 5 weeks at 1.5 °C and exposure to −14 °C for 16 hours. The use of a lower (−4 °C) hardening temperature resulted in a large increase in cold hardiness at the younger stages of development but little or no increase where seedlings had already reached a maximum of hardiness from exposure to 1.5 °C for 5 weeks. Satisfactory genetic differences were not determined by exposure to −14 °C for 16 hours after hardening at −4 °C. In general the response to hardening of young winter rye seedlings was similar to that found with winter wheat.

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Assessment of potential winter hardiness in winter bread wheat cultivars and genotypes by analyzing autofluorescence in seedling tissues

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2021-1-33-40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 182 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

I. V. Karkhardin ◽

A. A. Konovalov ◽

N. P. Goncharov

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽

Frost Tolerance ◽

Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽

Winter Hardiness ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Bread Wheat

Background.Winter crops are the most productive component of agricultural biocenoses. In Russia, winter wheat suffers the greatest losses in winter, so a search for traits marking high or low winter hardiness in autumn-sown genotypes, including improved cultivars, is needed to assess their potential for overwintering. One of such markers of high winter hardiness is an increased lignin content in plant tissues. The terminal enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway of metabolism, wherein lignin components are formed, is cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195). In plants, the CAD enzyme is one of the links in the aromatic metabolism, which generates, in addition to lignin, a number of aromatic compounds, such as lignans, aromatic glycosides, etc. Many of these compounds, like lignin, contain chromophore groups and are capable of autofluorescence.Correlations of the genotypes that incorporate CAD1-F with overwintering are studied in this work.Materials and methods.The winter bread wheat cultivars ‘Zitnica’ (Yugoslavia) and ‘Novosibirskaya 9’ (ICG SB RAS, Russia), contrasting in winter hardiness and CAD isozyme spectra, their hybrids, and 28 improved winter cultivars developed in Krasnodar were selected for the study. Fluorescence analysis of 28 winter wheat cultivars was also performed. Correlation coefficients between fluorescence and frost tolerance were calculated using the results of the analysis of 7 most contrasting cultivars.Conclusions. The tested winter bread wheat genotypes demonstrated the interplay between CAD1-F and successful overwintering: a correlation was found in the genotypes carrying the 00 CAD1-F allele with higher percentage of overwintered plants. This dependence was not observed in every season. The analysis of seedling sections for fluorescence can also be used for preliminary assessment of winter tolerance in winter bread wheat under laboratory conditions.

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