Proper synaptic adhesion signaling in the control of neural circuit architecture and brain function

2021 ◽  
pp. 101983
Author(s):  
Hee Young Kim ◽  
Ji Won Um ◽  
Jaewon Ko
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Circuit

scholarly journals Awake functional MRI detects neural circuit dysfunction in a mouse model of autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. eaav4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Tsurugizawa ◽  
Kota Tamada ◽  
Nobukazu Ono ◽  
Sachise Karakawa ◽  
Yuko Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Translational Approach

MRI has potential as a translational approach from rodents to humans. However, given that mouse functional MRI (fMRI) uses anesthetics for suppression of motion, it has been difficult to directly compare the result of fMRI in “unconsciousness” disease model mice with that in “consciousness” patients. We develop awake fMRI to investigate brain function in 15q dup mice, a copy number variation model of autism. Compared to wild-type mice, we find that 15q dup is associated with whole-brain functional hypoconnectivity and diminished fMRI responses to odors of stranger mice. Ex vivo diffusion MRI reveals widespread anomalies in white matter ultrastructure in 15q dup mice, suggesting a putative anatomical substrate for these functional hypoconnectivity. We show that d-cycloserine (DCS) treatment partially normalizes these anormalies in the frontal cortex of 15q dup mice and rescues some social behaviors. Our results demonstrate the utility of awake rodent fMRI and provide a rationale for further investigation of DCS therapy.

scholarly journals A cortico-collicular pathway for motor planning in a memory-dependent perceptual decision task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu A. Duan ◽  
Yuxin Pan ◽  
Guofen Ma ◽  
Taotao Zhou ◽  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Perturbation Methods ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Sensory Evidence

ABSTRACTSurvival in a dynamic environment requires animals to plan future actions based on past sensory evidence. However, the neural circuit mechanism underlying this crucial brain function, referred to as motor planning, remains unclear. Here, we employ projection-specific imaging and perturbation methods to investigate the direct pathway linking two key nodes in the motor planning network, the secondary motor cortex (M2) and the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), in mice performing a memory-dependent perceptual decision task. We find dynamic coding of choice information in SC-projecting M2 neurons during motor planning and execution, and disruption of this information by inhibiting M2 terminals in SC selectively impaired decision maintenance. Furthermore, cell-type-specific optogenetic circuit mapping shows that M2 terminals modulate both excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons with balanced synaptic strength. Together, our results reveal the dynamic recruitment of the premotor-collicular pathway as a circuit mechanism for motor planning.

Central synapse, neural circuit, and brain function

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Takahashi ◽  
Keiko Matsuda ◽  
Katsuhiko Tabuchi ◽  
Jaewon Ko
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Central Synapse

scholarly journals Methods for inferring neural circuit interactions and neuromodulation from local field potential and electroencephalogram measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez-Cañada ◽  
Shahryar Noei ◽  
Stefano Panzeri
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Neural Mass ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Mass Activity

AbstractElectrical recordings of neural mass activity, such as local field potentials (LFPs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs), have been instrumental in studying brain function. However, these aggregate signals lack cellular resolution and thus are not easy to be interpreted directly in terms of parameters of neural microcircuits. Developing tools for a reliable estimation of key neural parameters from these signals, such as the interaction between excitation and inhibition or the level of neuromodulation, is important for both neuroscientific and clinical applications. Over the years, we have developed tools based on neural network modeling and computational analysis of empirical data to estimate neural parameters from aggregate neural signals. This review article gives an overview of the main computational tools that we have developed and employed to invert LFPs and EEGs in terms of circuit-level neural phenomena, and outlines future challenges and directions for future research.

A challenge for predictive coding: Representational or experiential diversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina G. Vilas ◽  
Lucia Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Process Theory

Abstract To become a unifying theory of brain function, predictive processing (PP) must accommodate its rich representational diversity. Gilead et al. claim such diversity requires a multi-process theory, and thus is out of reach for PP, which postulates a universal canonical computation. We contend this argument and instead propose that PP fails to account for the experiential level of representations.

Toward a neuroscope: An application of high-performance computing for real-time evaluation of brain function using MRI

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
C. S. Potter ◽  
C. D. Gregory ◽  
H. D. Morris ◽  
Z.-P. Liang ◽  
P. C. Lauterbur
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
3D Anatomy

Over the past few years, several laboratories have demonstrated that changes in local neuronal activity associated with human brain function can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Using these methods, the effects of sensory and motor stimulation have been observed and cognitive studies have begun. These new methods promise to make possible even more rapid and extensive studies of brain organization and responses than those now in use, such as positron emission tomography.Human brain studies are enormously complex. Signal changes on the order of a few percent must be detected against the background of the complex 3D anatomy of the human brain. Today, most functional MR experiments are performed using several 2D slice images acquired at each time step or stimulation condition of the experimental protocol. It is generally believed that true 3D experiments must be performed for many cognitive experiments. To provide adequate resolution, this requires that data must be acquired faster and/or more efficiently to support 3D functional analysis.

Monitor Brain Function Selectively

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (24) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function

The Psychophysiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lang ◽  
Lisa M. McTeague ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. Several decades of research are reviewed, assessing patterns of psychophysiological reactivity in anxiety patients responding to a fear/threat imagery challenge. Findings show substantive differences in these measures within principal diagnostic categories, questioning the reliability and categorical specificity of current diagnostic systems. Following a new research framework (US National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], Research Domain Criteria [RDoC]; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013 ), dimensional patterns of physiological reactivity are explored in a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients. Patients’ responses (e.g., startle reflex, heart rate) during fear/threat imagery varied significantly with higher questionnaire measured “negative affect,” stress history, and overall life dysfunction – bio-marking disorder groups, independent of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM). The review concludes with a description of new research, currently underway, exploring brain function indices (structure activation, circuit connectivity) as potential biological classifiers (collectively with the reflex physiology) of anxiety and mood pathology.

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