Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) marine survival rates reflect early marine carbon source dependency

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Kline ◽  
Jennifer L. Boldt ◽  
Edward V. Farley ◽  
Lewis J. Haldorson ◽  
John H. Helle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Marine Survival

scholarly journals Ecological factors influencing lifetime productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in an Alaskan stream

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher V. Manhard ◽  
John E. Joyce ◽  
William W. Smoker ◽  
Anthony J. Gharrett
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Marine Survival

Ecological factors underlying freshwater productivity and marine survival of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were evaluated by analyzing a 30 year time series of local environmental data and censuses of migrating adult and juvenile fish collected at Auke Creek, Alaska. Freshwater productivity was influenced primarily by spawning habitat limitation and less so by stream temperature and flow. Furthermore, a trend of declining freshwater productivity was detected over the time series, which may be related to observed declines in spawning substrate quality and in the duration of the adult migration. Marine survival was highly variable among brood years and was influenced by physical conditions in the nearshore marine environment; warm sea-surface temperatures during nearshore residency were associated with higher marine survival rates, whereas high stream flows late in the fry emigration period were associated with reduced marine survival. Simulations of adult recruitment, based on ecological factors in the freshwater and marine environments, indicated that the productivity of pink salmon in this stream is determined primarily by early marine survival.

Spatial covariation in survival rates of Northeast Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Franz J Mueter ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
David J Blackbourn ◽  
Chris C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Best Fit

We examined spatial patterns of covariation in indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock- recruitment curve) across four decades among 43 wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks from 14 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. We found strong evidence of positive covariation among stocks within each region and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations from 0.3 to 0.7) but no evidence of covariation between stocks of distant regions (e.g., separated by 1000 km or more). This suggests that important environmental processes affecting temporal variation in survival rates of pink salmon from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales rather than at the larger ocean basin scale. Based on limited fry abundance data, we found that this covariation in spawner-to-recruit survival rates may be strongly influenced by marine processes.

Effect of parental heterozygosity on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryonic and alevin survival and development at extreme temperatures

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Nataly V. Varnavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Survival And Development

Heterozygosity of 59 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) families was compared with embryo and alevin survival, hatching time, and emergence time for developmental temperatures of 4, 8, and 15 °C. There was no consistent association between heterozygosity determined at 23 loci and either embryo or alevin survival or development rate at any of the three rearing temperatures. Embryos and alevins from more heterozygous parents did not have higher survival rates during development at the more extreme temperatures (4 and 15 °C). Hatching and emergence timing was unrelated to parental heterozygosity. For pink salmon, there is no evidence to indicate that heterozygosity is correlated with any phenotypic trait yet examined.

Short-term Rearing of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Fry: Effect on Survival and Biomass of Returning Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Martin ◽  
William R. Heard ◽  
Alex C. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Marine Survival

Survival of pink salmon (Onchorynchus gorbuscha) fry could theoretically be improved if they were reared to a larger size before being released into the estuary. Three lots of 1975-brood pink salmon fry, reared from eggs in a hatchery, were cultured in floating estuarine raceways for 30, 60, and 90 d before being released into the Little Port Walter estuary on Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska. An unfed control lot was released after emergence. Four groups of 15 000 fry each were differentially fin marked. Total marine survival for the four lots was computed from recoveries of marked adults in the Little Port Walter vicinity in 1977. Survival from release to return was lowest for the control lot (3.1%); increased for fry reared for 30 and 60 d (4.6 and 5.2%, respectively); and decreased for fry cultured for 90 d (4.3%). Mortalities in lots cultured for 60 and 90 d significantly reduced the numbers of fry released in these groups. Mortalities were associated with the marine diatoms Chaetoceros spp. Mean length and weight of returning adults declined with increased fry-rearing time. Compared with the control lot, adults from fry cultured for 30 d had 39% more biomass; adults from fry cultured for 60 d had the same biomass; and adults from fry cultured for 90 d had 45% less biomass. Culturing fry for 30 d in the raceways significantly increased the number and biomass of returning adults.Key words: short-term rearing, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, floating estuarine raceways, marine survival, biomass

Influence of photoperiod and temperature on timing of sexual maturity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1729-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Males And Females

The effect of two photoperiods and rearing at 10, 13, and 16 °C on the development of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) maturity 12 to 13 months after fry emergence was examined. Highest rates of maturity for both males and females were observed in the 10 °C temperature regime with a normal first summer, short winter, and short second summer photoperiod. In any environment examined, males were more likely to have matured than females. Highest survival rates and fastest overall growth rates were also observed at 10 °C. The feasibility of transplanting genes from one pink salmon brood line to another is examined.

Gravel Incubators: a Second Evaluation on Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Including Adult Returns

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Salmon Fry

A hatchery method designed for mass production of unfed Pacific salmon fry and utilizing a gravel medium during most of the incubation period is being evaluated on successive cycles of a stock of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, of the Tsolum River, B.C. Possible treatment effects are studied at emergent fry and returning adult stages in artificially and naturally propagated populations. Average growth rate and, hence, efficiency of yolk conversion were unimpeded in the hatchery environment, but fry emerged 11 days prematurely. Survival from green egg to emergent fry averaged 74.9% in the hatchery and 20.6% in the creek, for a gain ratio at emergence of 3.63. Recovery of selectively marked populations of hatchery and creek fish demonstrated almost identical survival rates from fry to adult stages and a final gain ratio of 3.46. Adult lengths and weights, fecundity, and timing of migrations were unaffected generally by the hatchery treatment.

Developmental stability, heterozygosity, and genetic analysis of morphological variation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Family Survival ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Heterozygosity of 26 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) families was compared with family survival rates up to 410 d after fry emergence and also with asymmetry of pectoral and pelvic fin ray numbers. There was no significant association between heterozygosity calculated at six electrophoretic loci and either survival rate or asymmetry in fin ray number at any time during the 410-d rearing period. More heterozygous families did not have higher survival rates than less heterozygous families, and they did not have less asymmetry in the fin ray characters. Heritabilities of 11 morphometric characters were, on average, lower than the heritabilities of the 2 meristic characters examined. There is no evidence yet to indicate that increased heterozygosity results in increased canalization of morphology in pink salmon.

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