Spatial covariation in survival rates of Northeast Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

We examined spatial patterns of covariation in indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock- recruitment curve) across four decades among 43 wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks from 14 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. We found strong evidence of positive covariation among stocks within each region and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations from 0.3 to 0.7) but no evidence of covariation between stocks of distant regions (e.g., separated by 1000 km or more). This suggests that important environmental processes affecting temporal variation in survival rates of pink salmon from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales rather than at the larger ocean basin scale. Based on limited fry abundance data, we found that this covariation in spawner-to-recruit survival rates may be strongly influenced by marine processes.

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Effect of parental heterozygosity on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) embryonic and alevin survival and development at extreme temperatures

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-350 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 2485-2489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Terry D. Beacham ◽

Nataly V. Varnavskaya

Keyword(s):

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Development Rate ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Phenotypic Trait ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Emergence Time ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Hatching Time ◽

Survival And Development

Heterozygosity of 59 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) families was compared with embryo and alevin survival, hatching time, and emergence time for developmental temperatures of 4, 8, and 15 °C. There was no consistent association between heterozygosity determined at 23 loci and either embryo or alevin survival or development rate at any of the three rearing temperatures. Embryos and alevins from more heterozygous parents did not have higher survival rates during development at the more extreme temperatures (4 and 15 °C). Hatching and emergence timing was unrelated to parental heterozygosity. For pink salmon, there is no evidence to indicate that heterozygosity is correlated with any phenotypic trait yet examined.

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Patterns of Growth of the Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in Year-Classes with Different Survival Rates during the Marine Life-history Phase

Technical Report ◽

10.23849/npafctr17/8.14. ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Kaev ◽

Vladimir Radchenko

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Marine Life ◽

Life History Phase

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Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f10-137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Martin Krkošek ◽

Ray Hilborn

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Large Scale ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Population Decline ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Sea Lice ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Lice Infestations

The spread of salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) from salmon farms may threaten some wild salmon populations. Infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) have been associated with high mortality and population decline. Using stock–recruit data for pink salmon from the central coast of British Columbia, we analyzed how fishing mortality and spatial covariation combine with louse infestation to affect pink salmon population dynamics. The results indicate substantial coherence in survival at nested spatial scales — large-scale regional covariation and smaller scale covariation within management areas. Populations exposed to salmon farms (those from the Broughton Archipelago) show a sharp decline in productivity during sea lice infestations relative to pre-infestation years. Unexposed populations (comprising four management areas) did not experience a change in productivity during infestation years and had similar productivity to exposed populations before infestations. Our results suggest that sea lice infestations may result in declines of pink salmon populations and that management and policy of salmon farms should consider protecting wild juvenile salmon from exposure to sea lice.

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Influence of photoperiod and temperature on timing of sexual maturity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z88-249 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 1729-1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Terry D. Beacham ◽

Clyde B. Murray

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regime ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Males And Females

The effect of two photoperiods and rearing at 10, 13, and 16 °C on the development of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) maturity 12 to 13 months after fry emergence was examined. Highest rates of maturity for both males and females were observed in the 10 °C temperature regime with a normal first summer, short winter, and short second summer photoperiod. In any environment examined, males were more likely to have matured than females. Highest survival rates and fastest overall growth rates were also observed at 10 °C. The feasibility of transplanting genes from one pink salmon brood line to another is examined.

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Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f98-179 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 2503-2517 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Randall M Peterman ◽

Brian J Pyper ◽

Michael F Lapointe ◽

Milo D Adkison ◽

Carl J Walters

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Ocean Basin ◽

Similar Response ◽

Fraser River ◽

Bristol Bay ◽

Basin Scale

We used a multi-stock comparison to identify spatial and temporal characteristics of environmentally driven sources of variability across four decades in the productivity of 29 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks from British Columbia (B.C.) and Alaska. We examined patterns of covariation among indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock-recruitment curve) and found positive covariation among Fraser River sockeye stocks (southern B.C.) and, to a greater extent, among Bristol Bay stocks (western Alaska) but no evidence of covariation between these two regions or with stocks of other regions in B.C. and Alaska. This indicates that important environmental processes affecting variation in sockeye survival rate from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales, rather than at the larger, ocean-basin scale. The observed covariation in survival rates of Bristol Bay stocks appears to be due to a combination of both freshwater and, to a greater degree, marine processes. Bristol Bay sockeye stocks showed a dramatic and persistent increase in survival rates coinciding with the abrupt changes in the North Pacific environment in the mid-1970s; however, there was little evidence of a similar response for Fraser River stocks.

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Gravel Incubators: a Second Evaluation on Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Including Adult Returns

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f74-163 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 1379-1385 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert A. Bams

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Pacific Salmon ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Average Growth Rate ◽

Average Growth ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Gain Ratio ◽

Salmon Fry

A hatchery method designed for mass production of unfed Pacific salmon fry and utilizing a gravel medium during most of the incubation period is being evaluated on successive cycles of a stock of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, of the Tsolum River, B.C. Possible treatment effects are studied at emergent fry and returning adult stages in artificially and naturally propagated populations. Average growth rate and, hence, efficiency of yolk conversion were unimpeded in the hatchery environment, but fry emerged 11 days prematurely. Survival from green egg to emergent fry averaged 74.9% in the hatchery and 20.6% in the creek, for a gain ratio at emergence of 3.63. Recovery of selectively marked populations of hatchery and creek fish demonstrated almost identical survival rates from fry to adult stages and a final gain ratio of 3.46. Adult lengths and weights, fecundity, and timing of migrations were unaffected generally by the hatchery treatment.

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Ecological factors influencing lifetime productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in an Alaskan stream

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2016-0335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 1325-1336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher V. Manhard ◽

John E. Joyce ◽

William W. Smoker ◽

Anthony J. Gharrett

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Substrate Quality ◽

Marine Survival

Ecological factors underlying freshwater productivity and marine survival of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were evaluated by analyzing a 30 year time series of local environmental data and censuses of migrating adult and juvenile fish collected at Auke Creek, Alaska. Freshwater productivity was influenced primarily by spawning habitat limitation and less so by stream temperature and flow. Furthermore, a trend of declining freshwater productivity was detected over the time series, which may be related to observed declines in spawning substrate quality and in the duration of the adult migration. Marine survival was highly variable among brood years and was influenced by physical conditions in the nearshore marine environment; warm sea-surface temperatures during nearshore residency were associated with higher marine survival rates, whereas high stream flows late in the fry emigration period were associated with reduced marine survival. Simulations of adult recruitment, based on ecological factors in the freshwater and marine environments, indicated that the productivity of pink salmon in this stream is determined primarily by early marine survival.

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Developmental stability, heterozygosity, and genetic analysis of morphological variation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-042 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 274-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Terry D. Beacham

Keyword(s):

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Developmental Stability ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Meristic Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Fin Ray ◽

Family Survival ◽

Pelvic Fin

Heterozygosity of 26 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) families was compared with family survival rates up to 410 d after fry emergence and also with asymmetry of pectoral and pelvic fin ray numbers. There was no significant association between heterozygosity calculated at six electrophoretic loci and either survival rate or asymmetry in fin ray number at any time during the 410-d rearing period. More heterozygous families did not have higher survival rates than less heterozygous families, and they did not have less asymmetry in the fin ray characters. Heritabilities of 11 morphometric characters were, on average, lower than the heritabilities of the 2 meristic characters examined. There is no evidence yet to indicate that increased heterozygosity results in increased canalization of morphology in pink salmon.

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Spatial hierarchical Bayesian models for stock-recruitment analysis of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f04-168 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 2471-2486 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Zhenming Su ◽

Randall M Peterman ◽

Steven L Haeseker

Keyword(s):

Probability Distributions ◽

Bayesian Models ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Early Summer ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian Models ◽

Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Positive Effects

To improve the understanding of effects of environmental factors on spawner-to-recruit survival rates of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), we developed several spatial hierarchical Bayesian models (HBMs). We applied these models to 43 pink salmon stocks in the Northeast Pacific. By using a distance-based, spatially correlated prior distribution for stock-specific parameters, these multistock models explicitly allowed for positive correlation among nearby salmon stocks in their productivities and coefficients of early summer coastal sea surface temperature (SST). To our knowledge, this is the first time that such distance-based, spatial prior probability distributions for parameters have been applied to fisheries problems. We found that the spatial HBMs produce more consistent and precise estimates of effects of SST on productivity than a single-stock approach that estimated parameters for each stock separately. Similar to earlier results using mixed-effects models for the same stocks, we found significant positive effects of SST on survival rates of northern pink salmon stocks, but weaker negative effects of SST on survival rates of southern pink salmon stocks. However, we show a smoother transition in magnitude of effects between these regions.

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