Application of melatonin for the control of food-borne Bacillus species in cherry tomatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 111656
Author(s):  
Gui-Yang Zhu ◽  
Peng-Fei Sha ◽  
Xin-Xiao Zhu ◽  
Xin-Chi Shi ◽  
Mahdi Shahriar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SPORES IN MILK1,2

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
High Range

Sporeforming bacteria are present in practically all raw milk, but usually in small numbers if the milk is produced under modern sanitary conditions. There appears to be no relationship between total bacteria and spore counts, nor between total bacteria and the incidence of any given species of sporeforming organism. Bacillus species account for about 95% of the total sporeforming bacteria in milk, with Clostridium species comprising the remainder. In the United States, approximately 43% of the Bacillus organisms are B. licheniformis and 37% are B. cereus. Reports from some other countries indicate a predominance of B. cereus, or essentially a reversal in the prevalance of these two species. Spores of both these organisms survive low temperature pasteurization, some persisting through even the lower temperatures in the ultra-high range, and recent reports indicate that some sporeformers are psychrotrophic. B. cereus has been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness, but this is still controversial. Should B. cereus be proven capable of growing in the psychrotrophic range, and also responsible for food-borne illness, then the significance of spores in milk would take on added importance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacteria and Parasite Contamination of Dried Sliced Beef (Kilishi) Sold within Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
R. D. Jabaka ◽  
Queen Ododife ◽  
Attah D. Daniel ◽  
U. D. Nuhu ◽  
E. J. Doro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Kilishi is a version of jerky that originated in Hausa land Nigeria. It is made from deboned cow, sheep or goat meat. The dried sliced beef (kilishi) is often left open in a basin thereby exposing it to flies, dust and other effects of the environment by so doing the product can be contaminated. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteria and parasite contaminants of dried slice beef (kilishi) sold in different locations within Birnin Kebbi metropolis. The samples were analyzed using pour plate method. The bacterial species were characterized and identified on the basis of their colonial morphology; gram’s staining reaction and biochemical characteristics. The protozoans and helminthes cyst/eggs morphology were identified using microscopy techniques. The total bacteria plate count for each sample ranges from the highest (8x109) to the lowest (3.5x103) CFU/g from Birnin Kebbi Kalgo, Jega and Aliero samples respectively. The organisms isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus (35.2%), Escherichia coli showed 30(21.1%) percentage of occurrence, Bacillus species occurred 17(12%) Klebsiella spp 16(11.3%), Pseudomonas spp 13(9.2%), Shigella spp 10(7.04%) and the least was P. vulgaris 6(4.2%). The kilishi meat product was also contaminated with some Protozoans and helminthes contaminants which include; Acaris lumbricoides (14.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (35%), Girdia lambila (42.8%), and Taenia spp. (7.1%). It was concluded that the high bacteria count and frequency of isolates from the kilishi samples tested is an indication of high contamination of the meat by potential pathogens due to poor handling and sanitary conditions which may pose a potential source of food borne diseases.

Bioavailability of naringenin chalcone in humans after ingestion of cherry tomatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Kolot ◽  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽  
Rodrigo Feliciano ◽  
Katharina Bottermann ◽  
Wilhelm Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Reactive Center ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Abstract. Chalcones are a type of flavonoids characterized by an α-β unsaturated structural element which may react with thiol groups to activate pathways such as the Nrf2-Keap-1 system. Naringenin chalcone is abundant in the diet but little is known about its bioavailability. In this work, the bioavailability of naringenin chalcone from tomatoes was investigated in a group of healthy men (n=10). After ingestion of 600 grams of tomatoes providing a single dose of 17.3 mg naringenin chalcone, 0.2 mg of naringenin, and 195 mg naringin plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin and naringenin chalcone (glucuronide and sulfate) were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS at 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h post-consumption. Plasma levels of conjugated naringenin increased to about 12 nmol/L with a maximum at about 3 h. Concentrations of free naringenin hardly elevated above baseline. Plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin chalcone significantly increased. A maximum of the conjugated chalcone was reached at about 3 h after ingestion with an average concentration of about 0.5 nmol/L. No free chalcone was detectable at baseline but low amounts of the unconjugated compound could be detected with an average maximum of 0.8 nmol/L at about 1 h after ingestion. The data demonstrate that naringenin chalcone is bioavailable in humans from cherry tomatoes as a dietary source. However, availability is poor and intramolecular cyclisation as well as extended metabolism likely contribute to the inactivation of the reactive alpha-beta unsaturated reactive center as well as the excretion of the biologically active molecule, respectively.

Intestinal microbiota balance modulates host susceptibility to infection with enteric pathogenss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
I Sekirov ◽  
N Tam ◽  
M Robertson ◽  
C Lupp ◽  
B Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Background: During our lifetimes we develop a very complex set of interactions with the multitude of microorganisms colonizing our bodies. In the gastrointestinal system, the microbiota is highly important for morphological development, nutrition, and protection against infectious diseases. The gastrointestinal pathogens, enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EHEC and EPEC) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) are food-borne pathogens that cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) is a mouse pathogen that is used in small animal models to mimic EHEC and EPEC infections. Methods: We began to characterize the contribution of intestinal microbiota to the progression of these infections. Two main phyla comprise the majority of mouse intestinal microbiota: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Bacteria from a number of additional phyla are also present in smaller numbers; among them γ-Proteobacteria class, belonging to Proteobacteria phylum, is note-worthy as this class harbours many intestinal pathogens, such as ST and Cr. The mouse intestinal microbiota was perturbed using tetracycline (Tet) and streptomycin (Sm) to increase the proportion of Bacteroidetes in the colonic microbiota, and using vancomycin (Vanc) to create a predominance of Firmicutes. The mice with this perturbed microbiota were infected with ST to investigate the resultant pathology and virulence characteristics, and any additional shifts in microbiota as a result of infection. Results: Treatment of mice with Sm and Vanc was found to decrease the resistance of mice to colonization with ST, while Tet-treated mice exhibited unchanged colonization resistance. Treatment of mice with gradually increasing doses of Sm, which gradually augmented the proportion of CFB bacteria in the microbiota, resulted in progressively increasing colonization of mice by ST, as well as a step-wise increase in the ST-induced typhlitis, associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and KC. The increasing levels of ST colonization following both Sm and Vanc treatment were associated with an increase in the proportion of γ-Proteobacteria in the cecal and colonic microbiota, as well as a decrease in the total bacterial numbers in both organs. Conclusions: It is evident that the intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the host’s response to infection with enteric pathogens, and its composition and numbers are also affected by the offending bacteria. Elucidation of the details regarding the contribution of the microbiota to infectious disease progression will offer novel targets for the future design of superior prevention and treatment methods.

Isolation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Clinical Samples in Some Hospitals in Shiraz, Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Majid Baserisalehi ◽  
Samira Zarezadeh ◽  
Majid Baserisalehi ◽  
Saeed Shoa
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging pathogenic non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacillus species. It has caused many nosocomial infections and can be isolated from various hospital wards and healthcare facilities. Research has shown that most of its strains are inherently resistant to many antibiotics and have multidrug resistance. This research intended to determine its occurrence frequency at some Hospitals in shiraz, Iran. The present study was conducted in six months (from early spring to late summer 2019). Clinical samples (Blood, Urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) collected from 120 patients afflicted with various infections. The samples were transferred to the Laboratory and subjected to microbiological analysis. Identification of the isolates was carried out by phenotypic methods and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates verified using molecular methods. In total, various bacteria were isolated from 84 clinical samples. The isolates were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from 17 (20.2%) positive samples and most of them were isolated from blood samples. Our finding indicated that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated more from blood samples follow by CSF sample. In addition, our finding illustrated that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be considered as the common nosocomial agent at hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.

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