Cross-sectional study on risk factors associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in pig farms in Junan county, China

Abstract Abstract: Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an infectious disease that mainly affects neonatal piglets with a morbidity rate of 80%–100% and a mortality rate of 50%–90%. Prior to March 2014, PED was an exotic disease in Colombia with no historical epidemiological data and this study was conducted at the beginning of the spread of the virus in the country. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) contamination in pig transportation to slaughterhouses in Colombia through a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 518 pig trucks visiting the 32 main slaughterhouses authorized by the regulatory agency of the govern, the INVIMA. Samples were obtained using proportional allocation stratified sampling of pig trucks entering and leaving slaughterhouses for the diagnosis of PEDV through RT-PCR, as well as conducting a survey of the drivers of the sampled trucks. The sampling was performed from June to November 2014, during the first outbreak. Results: The prevalence of PEDV at the time of entry of the plant was 71.8% (CI 95%: 70.8–72.8) versus 70.5% (CI 95%: 69.5–71.5) on exit (p=0.375). Associated factors found to increase the possibility of contamination included: the type of slaughterhouse either national (OR 15.9, CI 95%: 4.9–51.85) or national–exportation (OR 9.0, CI 95%: 2.20–36.91), the zone of highest slaughter (OR 9.05, CI 95%: 2.9–27.63), the non-exclusive use of vehicles for the transport of pigs (OR 3.75, CI 95%: 1.55–9.08) and visiting animal feed plants (OR 13.5, CI 95%: 4.1–44.12). Factors identified to reduce the possibility of contamination included: the cleaning of vehicles, the use of disinfectants on the vehicle and the exclusive of the vehicle for pig transportation. Conclusions: The results showed that the high degree of truck mobilization, with poor biosafety compliance and dissemination characteristics of the virus, facilitated the spread of PEDV throughout the national territory. These factors contributed to establishing the disease as an endemic problem in Colombia. Keywords: coronavirus, epidemiology, PEDV, prevalence, swine.

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A retrospective cross-sectional study for predicting 72-h mortality in patients with serum aspartate aminotransferase levels ≥ 3000 U/L

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79435-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kai Saito ◽

Hitoshi Sugawara ◽

Tamami Watanabe ◽

Akira Ishii ◽

Takahiko Fukuchi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Factors Associated ◽

C Statistic ◽

Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

AbstractRisk factors associated with 72-h mortality in patients with extremely high serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST; ≥ 3000 U/L) are unknown. This single-centre, retrospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional study obtained data from medical records of adult patients treated at Saitama Medical Center, Japan, from 2005 to 2019. We conducted a multivariate logistic after adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Brinkman Index, vital signs, biochemical values, updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, CCI components, and underlying causes. A logistic regression model with selected validity risks and higher C-statistic for predicting 72-h mortality was established. During the 15-year period, 428 patients (133 non-survivors and 295 survivors [cases and controls by survival < 72 and ≥ 72 h, respectively]) with AST levels ≥ 3000 U/L were identified. The 72-h mortality rate was 133/428 (31.1%). The model used for predicting 72-h mortality through the assessment of alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus levels had a C-statistic value of 0.852 (sensitivity and specificity, 76.6%). The main independent risk factors associated with 72-h mortality among patients with AST levels ≥ 3000 U/L included higher serum values of alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.

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Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/5901569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oliver Okoth Achila ◽

Millen Ghebretinsae ◽

Abraham Kidane ◽

Michael Simon ◽

Shewit Makonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Specific Lipid

Objective. There is a dearth of relevant research on the rapidly evolving epidemic of diabetes mellitus (particularly Type 2 diabetes mellitus) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address some of these issues in the Eritrean context, we conducted a cross-sectional study on glycemic and lipid profiles and associated risk factors. Methods. A total of 309 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular follow-up at the Diabetic and Hypertensive Department at Halibet Regional Referral Hospital, Asmara, were enrolled for the study. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. Chi-squared (χ2) test or Fischer’s exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Multivariate logistic regression (backward: conditional) was undertaken to identify the factors associated with increased odds of suboptimal values in glucose and specific lipid panel subfractions. Results. High proportions of patients (76.7%) had suboptimal levels of HbA1c with a mean±SD of 8.6%±1.36, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, the likelihood of HbA1c≥7% was higher in patients with abnormal WHR (AOR=3.01, 95% CI, 3.01 (1.15–7.92=0.024)) and in patients without hypertension (AOR=1.97, 95% CI (1.06–3.56), p=0.021). A unit reduction in eGFR was also associated with HbA1c≥7% (AOR=0.99, 95% CI (0.98–1=0.031)). In a separate analysis, the data shows that 80.9% of the patients had dyslipidemia. In particular, 62.1% of the patients had TC≥200 mg/dL (risk factors: sex, hypertension, and HbA1c concentration), 81.6% had LDL‐C≥100 mg/dL (risk factors: sex and hypertension), 56.3% had TG≥150 (risk factors: sex, HbA1c, and waist circumference), 62.8% had abnormal HDL-C (risk factors: waist circumference), 78.3% had non‐HDL<130 mg/dL (risk factors: duration of disease, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c), and 45.3% had abnormal TG/HDL (risk factors: sex, age of patient, FPG, and waist circumference). Conclusions. The quality of care, as measured by glycemic and specific lipid targets, in this setting is suboptimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need for simultaneous improvements in both indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Therefore, additional studies, preferably longitudinal studies with long follow-up, are required on multiple aspects of DM.

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A cross-sectional study to collect risk factors associated with stillbirths in pig herds

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.06.012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C. Vanderhaeghe ◽

J. Dewulf ◽

S. Ribbens ◽

A. de Kruif ◽

D. Maes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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Correction to: Risk factors associated with bedbug (Cimex spp.) infestations among Hong Kong households: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Housing and the Built Environment ◽

10.1007/s10901-021-09905-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eddy Hin Chung Fung ◽

Hung Wong ◽

Siu Wai Chiu ◽

Jerome Ho Lam Hui ◽

Hon Ming Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Novel-Risk Factors Associated with Supraspinatus Tendon Tear

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics ◽

10.1007/s43465-020-00222-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sameer Haveri ◽

Kiran S. Patil ◽

Rajendra B. Uppin ◽

Santosh Patil ◽

B. B. Putti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Supraspinatus Tendon ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Tendon Tear ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Novel Risk Factors

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Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia in Northern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00275-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Mukunya ◽

Beatrice Odongkara ◽

Thereza Piloya ◽

Victoria Nankabirwa ◽

Vincentina Achora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Child Age

Abstract Background Neonatal hypoglycemia is the most common endocrine abnormality in children, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The burden and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study, nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial designed to promote health facility births and newborn care practices in Lira District, Northern Uganda. This study recruited neonates born to mothers in the parent study. Random blood glucose was measured using an On Call® Plus glucometer (ACON Laboratories, Inc., 10125 Mesa Road, San Diego, CA, USA). We defined hypoglycemia as a blood glucose of < 47 mg/dl. To determine the factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, a multivariable linear regression mixed-effects model was used. Results We examined 1416 participants of mean age 3.1 days (standard deviation (SD) 2.1) and mean weight of 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). The mean neonatal blood glucose level was 81.6 mg/dl (SD 16.8). The prevalence of a blood glucose concentration of < 47 mg/dl was 2.2% (31/1416): 95% CI 1.2%, 3.9%. The risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia were delayed breastfeeding initiation [adjusted mean difference, − 2.6; 95% CI, − 4.4, − 0.79] and child age of 3 days or less [adjusted mean, − 12.2; 95% CI, − 14.0, − 10.4]. Conclusion The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was low in this community and was predicted by delay in initiating breastfeeding and a child age of 3 days or less. We therefore suggest targeted screening and management of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates before 3 days of age and those who are delayed in the onset of breastfeeding.

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