Associations between pituitary-thyroid hormones and depressive symptoms in individuals with anorexia nervosa before and after weight-recovery

Leptin is the protein product of the ob gene, secreted by adipocytes. It has been suggested that it may play an important role in regulating appetite and energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible interaction of thyroid hormones with the leptin system. We studied 114 adult patients (65 females and 49 males): 36 were affected with primary hypothyroidism (PH), 38 with central hypothyroidism (CH) and 40 with thyrotoxicosis (TT). Patients with CH were studied both before and after 6 months of L-thyroxine replacement therapy. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), thyroid function and fasting serum leptin were assessed in all patients. Since BMI has been proved to be the major influencing variable of circulating leptin levels, data were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS) calculated from 393 male and 561 female controls matched for age and BMI. No difference in SDS was recorded between males and females whatever the levels of circulating thyroid hormones. In males, no significant difference was recorded among the SDSs of PH (-0.36 +/- 1.2), TT (-0.35 +/- 1.2) and CH (0.01 +/- 1.4) patients. Females with PH had an SDSs significantly lower than TT females (-0.77 +/- 1.0 vs -0.06 +/- 1.2; P < 0.02), while no significant differences between CH (-0.34 +/- 0.7) and TT females or between CH and PH females were observed. SDS in CH patients after 6 months of L-thyroxine therapy significantly varied only in females (0.25 +/- 1.4). In conclusion, circulating thyroid hormones do not appear to play any relevant role in leptin synthesis and secretion. However, as females with either overt hypo- or hyper-thyroidism or central hypothyroidism after L-thyroxine therapy show differences in their SDSs, a subtle interaction between sex steroids and thyroid status in modulating leptin secretion, at least in women, may occur.

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Anorexia Nervosa in an Elderly Woman

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00871.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 246-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rosalie Hill ◽

Christopher Haslett ◽

Shailesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Elderly Woman ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

The Elderly ◽

Aggressive Treatment ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

First Onset

Objective: To demonstrate a case of anorexia nervosa in the elderly and to highlight the need for broadening of current diagnostic criteria. Clinical picture: First onset of anorexia nervosa in a 72-year-old woman following bereavement of her husband. Treatment: Nine treatments of electroconvulsive therapy. Outcome: Treatment resulted in remission of the depressive symptoms and improvement of eating behaviour. Conclusions: Anorexia nervosa does occur in the elderly and can be difficult to detect. Where comorbid depression exists it requires aggressive treatment.

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The effect of levothyroxine in comparison with placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886316666210525102230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Reihaneh Rezaee ◽

Masoud Mohebbi ◽

Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh ◽

Mohammad Ali Yaghoubi ◽

Mona Najaf Najafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Osteocalcin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Metabolic Conditions ◽

And Control

Background and Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism can potentially develop to overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones have substantial roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis and thus are closely related to determinant factors of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Osteocalcin is considered a predictor of metabolic conditions in thyroid diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine vs. placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism who were referred to the endocrine clinics of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. After giving informed consent, patients were randomly divided into intervention (50 µg/day levothyroxine for 2 months) and control (placebo) groups. Serum levels of osteocalcin, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, insulin, and fasting glucose, as well as other clinical and anthropometric data, were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age in the intervention and control groups was 35.07 ± 9.94 and 31.30 ± 4.30, respectively (P=0.20). There was no significant difference between osteocalcin levels before and after the intervention in either of the groups (P=0.54). TSH level was significantly decreased in the levothyroxine group after the intervention (P<0.01). T4 level was significantly increased in the intervention group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Levothyroxine had no significant effect on increasing the levels of serum osteocalcin in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have registered the trial in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) with the registration code IRCT20171129037677N1.

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STUDY OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT

10.36106/ijsr/7325261 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-54

Author(s):

Peeyush Yadav ◽

G. G. Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Free T4 ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Serum Ghrelin ◽

Hypothyroid Patients

Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of ghrelin in hypothyroid patients before and after treatment with L-thyroxine and to nd a possible relationship between ghrelin and thyroid hormones. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 hypothyroid patients (44 Males & 56 Females) before treatment (Group A) and after treatment (Group B) attending the outpatient clinics or admitted in wards of J.L.N. Hospitals, Ajmer. 100 healthy control subjects (Group C) of same age group of either gender were selected for the study. Blood samples were drawn from patients and controls, after overnight fast of at least 8 hours. Estimation of Serum Ghrelin, free T3, free T4, and TSH was done by using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) technique. Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL – Cholesterol were measured by automated analyser (Beckman & Coulter's AU680). VLDL – Cholesterol, LDL – Cholesterol were calculated by Friedwald's formula. Differences in the parameters among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test followed by its Tukey HSD post hoc analysis. Correlations between variables were tested using the Pearson rho (r: Correlation coefcient) correlation test. Results: Findings of the present study shows that the levels of serum fT3 (1.79 ± 0.29 pg/mL) and serum fT4 (0.34 ± 0.11 ng/dL) were signicantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (fT3 = 3.00 ± 0.32 pg/mL & fT4 = 0.81 ± 0.15 ng/dL) and Group C (fT3 = 3.12 ± 0.31 pg/mL & fT4 = 0.85 ± 0.11ng/dL) whereas serum TSH levels were signicantly higher in Group A (40.59 ± 13.55 μIU/mL) compared to Group B (5.34 ± 1.47 μIU/mL) and Group C (3.23 ± 1.04 μIU/mL). Levels of serum Ghrelin were signicantly higher in Group A (918.19 ± 48.47 pg/mL) compared to Group B (700.34 ± 46.35 pg/mL) and Group C (681.49 ± 35.80 pg/mL). A non signicant correlation of Ghrelin with S.fT4 and TSH was found in both Group A and Group B whereas S.fT3 and BMI shows a non signicant correlation in Group A in comparison to a signicant correlation in Group B. Conclusion: There is a reversible increase in the levels of serum ghrelin which became normalized after L-thyroxine substitution in hypothyroid patients. Alteration in the levels of serum ghrelin in thyroid disorders indicates a compensatory role of ghrelin in metabolic disturbances and also suggests a possible association between thyroid hormones and serum ghrelin levels.

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Depressive Symptoms before and after Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men and Women

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine ◽

10.5664/jcsm.5020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (09) ◽

pp. 1029-1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Cass Edwards ◽

Sutapa Mukherjee ◽

Laila Simpson ◽

Lyle J. Palmer ◽

Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Men And Women ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Before And After

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Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa before and after Partial Weight Recovery

Biochemical and Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1006/bmme.1996.2564 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Felipe F. Casanueva ◽

Carlos Dieguez ◽

Vera Popovic ◽

Roberto Peino ◽

Robert V. Considine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Before And After ◽

Partial Weight

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Assessment of brain function in adolescent anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/01688639708403833 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 20-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Susan J. Bradley ◽

Margot J. Taylor ◽

Joanne F. Rovet ◽

Eudice Goldberg ◽

Jane Hood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Brain Function ◽

Before And After ◽

Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa

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Insulin, glucose, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a test meal in restricting type anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (5) ◽

pp. E1441-E1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kimberly P. Kinzig ◽

Janelle W. Coughlin ◽

Graham W. Redgrave ◽

Timothy H. Moran ◽

Angela S. Guarda

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽

Test Meal ◽

Weight Status ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

Weight Restoration ◽

Relapse Rates

Prolonged malnutrition in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with alterations in endocrine function that may play a sustaining role in the disorder. We hypothesized that abnormalities in endocrine responses to ingestion of a meal in AN are reversible and depend on weight restoration. We measured meal-induced endocrine responses in AN subjects at three time points during hospitalization: before refeeding ( n = 13, mean BMI 16.7 kg/m2), after 2 wk of refeeding (mean BMI 18.0 kg/m2), and in the weight-restored state (mean BMI 20.3 kg/m2). Control subjects ( n = 13, BMI 19–24.9 kg/m2) were tested once. Tests were 2.5-h sessions in which blood was drawn every 15 min before, during, and after a ∼650-kcal test breakfast. Relative to controls, peak levels of glucose were depressed and peak levels of insulin in response to ingestion of the test meal were delayed, with response patterns in the third trial most similar to controls. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels were increased in AN relative to controls regardless of weight status. The delay in insulin release and elevated PP levels did not correct with short-term refeeding and may contribute to the high relapse rates and maintenance of AN.

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