The effect of levothyroxine in comparison with placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Background and Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism can potentially develop to overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones have substantial roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis and thus are closely related to determinant factors of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Osteocalcin is considered a predictor of metabolic conditions in thyroid diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine vs. placebo on serum osteocalcin levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism who were referred to the endocrine clinics of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. After giving informed consent, patients were randomly divided into intervention (50 µg/day levothyroxine for 2 months) and control (placebo) groups. Serum levels of osteocalcin, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, insulin, and fasting glucose, as well as other clinical and anthropometric data, were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age in the intervention and control groups was 35.07 ± 9.94 and 31.30 ± 4.30, respectively (P=0.20). There was no significant difference between osteocalcin levels before and after the intervention in either of the groups (P=0.54). TSH level was significantly decreased in the levothyroxine group after the intervention (P<0.01). T4 level was significantly increased in the intervention group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Levothyroxine had no significant effect on increasing the levels of serum osteocalcin in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We have registered the trial in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) with the registration code IRCT20171129037677N1.

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A Pilot Study on Controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Inflammation Using Melatonin Supplement

Iranian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology ◽

10.18502/ijaai.v20i4.6959 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Alizadeh ◽

Nastaran Keyhanian ◽

Sara Ghaderkhani ◽

Simin Dashti-Khavidaki ◽

Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Light ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

To Receive ◽

Chest Ct Scan

No effective antiviral drugs and vaccines are available for the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, available, safe, and inexpensive drugs and supplements such as melatonin are among the proposed options for controlling inflammation. We did a randomized, single-blind study in Imam Khomeini Hospital between June 30, 2020, and August 5, 2020. Mild to moderate COVID-19 patients aged 25-65 years were eligible to enter the study based on chest CT scan, clinical symptoms, and physician diagnosis. The intervention group was prescribed 6 mg of oral melatonin for 2 weeks, which consumed half an hour before bedtime every night in low light conditions. Clinical symptoms and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after treatment in the melatonin received and control (regular medications) groups. Among screened patients with COVID-19, 14 patients were assigned to receive melatonin, and 17 patients were considered as controls. A significant difference (p=0.005) between CRP 1 and CRP 2 levels (before and after using melatonin) was found in the melatonin group while this difference (p=0.069) was not significant in the control group. Also, the percentage of recovery (based on symptoms) in patients who took melatonin was higher than that of patients in the control group (85.7% VS 47.1%). The result of this study confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin in mild to moderate outpatients with COVID-19. More clinical trials on elderly, diabetic, obese patients and severe cases are suggested in future studies.

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Effects of Levothyroxine Treatment on Lipid Profile in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v4i2.214 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Karoon Shahebrahimi ◽

Rozita Naseri ◽

Tahereh Sadat Kalantarian ◽

Mehrali Rahimi ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Levothyroxine Treatment

Background: Studies demonstrated controversial results on subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) regarding lipid profile alteration with or without Levothyroxine treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Levothyroxine on serum lipids in SCH. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with SCH referred to Taleghani hospital in Kermanshah were recruited and randomly assigned into the intervention or the control group. Patients in intervention group received Levothyroxine 50-75 micrograms for three months. Patients in control group received the same placebo with the same dose and duration. Lipid profile was measured before and after the trial and the changes were compared between groups. (IRCT code: 138903244179N1). Results: Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL and Lipoprotein-A were measured before and after treatment. None of the factors showed significant difference either between or within groups, before and after the treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Treating with Levothyroxine does not have any clinically significant impact on lipid profile in SCH patients which indicates that we should not expect SCH patients to use Levothyroxine solely for lipid profile alternation, except those with other clinical indications for treatment.[GMJ.2015;4(2):72-77]

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Effect of Classical Music on Physiological Characteristics and Observational and Behavioral Measures of Pain in Unconscious Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.4.1016.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 368-379

Author(s):

Abolfazl Rahgoi ◽

◽

Shahla Mohammadzadeh Zarankesh ◽

Sedeigheh Sadat Kasaeizadeghan ◽

Mehran Naghibeiranvand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Classical Music ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Unconscious Patients ◽

And Control

Objective: Assessment and management of pain in patients under artificial respiration and hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are difficult, and is less considered by physicians and nurses. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music on physiological characteristics, and observational and behavioral measures of pain in unconscious patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2019 on 30 unconscious patients admitted to ICU of Shohadaye Haft-e-Tir Hospital in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method, and divided into two groups of intervention and control. After obtaining a written informed consent from patients to participate, they completed a demographic/physiological form, Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (COPT) and Behavioral Pain Scale (BPC). Collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The Mean±SD age of patients in the intervention and control groups was 40.33±14.01 and 46±15.70 years, respectively. Comparison of physiological characteristics before and after the intervention showed no statistically significant difference in any groups except in Glasgow Coma Scale score (P<0.05). The mean pretest and posttest COPT scores in the intervention group were 3.73±0.94 and 1.96±1.32, respectively, and their mean pretest and posttest BPC scores were 5.94±1.39 and 4.22±1.08, respectively. Comparing the mean COPT and BPC scores before and after music therapy showed a statistically significant difference in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that classical music can reduce observational and behavioral measures of pain in unconscious patients hospitalized in ICUs. More studies are recommended for examining the effect of classical music on physiological characteristics of these patients.

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The Impact of Maryam Exercise Towards the Stress Level and Cortisol Serum Level among Primiparous Pregnant Women

International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) ◽

10.35654/ijnhs.v3i5.338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 598-607

Author(s):

Maya Erisna ◽

Runjati Runjati ◽

Apoina Kartini ◽

Mahalul Azam ◽

Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group

Women are more at risk to stress in pregnancy than during the puerperium. One method of coping with stress is through physical exercise. Maryam Exercise can be used as an alternative to the development of pregnancy exercises in Indonesia because it covers the holistic aspects and easy to do. It is a combination of basic pregnancy exercises, Islamic prayer (Salat) movements and dhikr. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Maryam exercise on the stress levels and cortisol serum levels among primiparous pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experimental study design, pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent control group. In the third trimester of 40 primiparous women were randomly assigned into two groups such the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The experimental group received the Maryam exercise while the control group received the standard antenatal exercise. There was a significant difference in stress levels between the intervention group and the control group before and after receiving the intervention (p <0.05). The cortisol levels also showed the significance difference between the intervention group and the control group before and after receiving the intervention (p <0.05). The findings of this study suggest that Maryam Exercise has a positive impact on stress levels and cortisol serum levels of primiparous pregnant women.

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Serum Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients in Nepal

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12065 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Sudip Aryal ◽

A Joshi

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Record Card ◽

And Control ◽

Hypothyroid Patients

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is non-curable common endocrine disorder in which the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. Present with a number of symptoms, Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects our whole body. Untreated hypothyroidism can be the cause of raised cholesterol levels. Many study have shown association between hypothyroidism and lipid profile. In this study, we evaluate the mean lipid profile status in subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroid patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective study done from the record card maintained in Alka Hospital, Jawalakhel. Total number of participants were 215. Out of which 73 had overt hypothyroidism, 92 had subclinical hypothyroidism and 50 were taken as control. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The level of LDL, TG and TC was significantly higher in case of overt hypothyroidism as compared to control group, but no significant difference was found in subclinical hypothyroidism and control group. TG level was significantly lower in subclinical hypothyroidism cases. CONCLUSION: Elevated HDL, LDL & TC is seen in overt hypothyroid patients. It is important to screen for lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12065Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 33-36

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Comparation between serum levels of interleukin-33 in children with allergic asthma before and after inhalatory corticosteroid treatment

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh190605126m ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 (5-6) ◽

pp. 304-309

Author(s):

Borko Milanovic ◽

Gordana Vijatov-Djuric ◽

Jelena Stojcevic-Maletic ◽

Vesna Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Allergic Asthma ◽

Corticosteroid Treatment ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Interleukin 33 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Applied Dose ◽

And Control

Introduction/Objective. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) has a very significant function in inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms, but its significance in immunopathogenic mechanisms of different allergic diseases, including allergic asthma (AA), is becoming increasingly emphasized. The objective of the study was to investigate serum levels of IL-33 in children with AA before applying inhalation corticosteroid therapy (ICS Th) and six months after it, correlating the gathered values of IL-33 with some clinical traits of the patient. Methods. The serum value of IL-33 has been determined in 61 children with AA before starting treatment and six months after treatment with ICS Th, and this was repeated in 30 healthy children. Results. Values of IL-33 in serum are significantly higher in children with AA that have not been treated with ICS Th during six months (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), which is also the case when comparing with healthy children (p = 0.00; p < 0.05). Serum values of IL-33 in children with AA after six months of ICS Th and in healthy children do not show significant difference (p = 0.88; p > 0.05). The correlation between serum values of IL-33 before applying ICS Th and the severity, degree of AA control, and the applied dose of ICS Th is statistically significant and positive. Conclusion. IL-33 values in the serum are significantly higher in children with untreated AA in those with poorly controlled AA. Six-month treatment with ICS Th leads to significant reduction of IL-33 serum levels, whose values are in positive correlation with the severity and control of AA.

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A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE NUMBER OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COLONIES IN THE ENAMEL SURFACE OF TEETH AFTER THE APPLICATION OF CPP-ACP CONTAINING PROPOLIS AND CPP-ACP WITHOUT PROPOLIS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.pp-25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 69-72

Author(s):

RISQA RINA DARWITA ◽

KEVIN SETIJONO ◽

FADHILAH ALMASYHUR ◽

PETER ANDREAS ◽

ARIADNA A. DJAIS

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Intervention Group ◽

White Spot ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Kappa Value ◽

Alternative Material ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control

Objective: This study was to determine the efficacy of CPP-ACP combined with propolis by evaluating the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies inthe enamel surfaces of children aged 7–9 years before and after the application of CPP-ACP containing propolis.Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with purposive sampling was used in this study, which was conducted on 32 students aged7–9 years who were divided into two groups that were intervention and control groups. Two young dentists examined the students, and their resultswere calibrated by a kappa value of 0.82. The number of S. mutans colonies was evaluated at baseline, and after a CPP-ACP propolis paste was appliedto white spot surfaces in the intervention group and CPP-ACP without propolis was applied to white spot surfaces of students in the control group inevery day for 4 weeks.Results: There was a significant decrease in the proportion of S. mutans colonies both of the intervention group (28%) and the control group (26%)(p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the effect of CPP-ACP propolis combination compared to CPP-ACP without propolis indecreasing the number of S. mutans colonies (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed that CPP-ACP containing propolis is not better than CPP-ACP without propolis in decreasing the number of S. mutanscolonies; however, the CPP-ACP propolis combination has the potential to be used as an alternative material to prevent demineralization and improveremineralization of white spots in enamel surfaces.

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Effect of Aerobics Exercise on Self-Esteem in Iranian Female Adolescents Covered by Welfare Organization

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/456483 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marzieh Hasanpour ◽

Mansooreh Tabatabaei ◽

Mousa Alavi ◽

Vahid Zolaktaf

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Randomized Control ◽

And Control

Introduction. Deprivation of parents might decrease self-esteem (SE) and result in affective and social incompatibility. In this randomized control trial, we examined the effect of aerobics exercise on SE among female adolescents living with no natural family.Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of all female adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (n: 72) who were covered by Isfahan Welfare organization. Participants were assigned into intervention and control groups by matched random sampling. Intervention included 8 weeks of aerobics exercise. Coppersmith SE inventory was administered before and after intervention as well as after one month follow-up.Results. No significant difference was seen between pre-SE scores of intervention(32.7±8.4)and control(33.0±6.7)groups (t=.16,P=.87). A significant difference was obtained in post-SE scores (40.2±5.7versus34.7±6.8,t=3.58,P=.001) and in one month follow-up scores (36.4±5.2versus33.0±5.2,t=2.25,P=.03).Discussion. The results demonstrated a low level of pre-SE in both groups. However, a significant improvement was seen in posttest of intervention group which persisted even one month after intervention. It supports the use of aerobics for female adolescents deprived from family life.

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Improving nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance in relation to ethical codes through group reflection strategy

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00749-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marzieh Momennasab ◽

Marjan Ghanbari ◽

Mozhgan Rivaz

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ethical Codes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Performance ◽

And Control ◽

Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Background The most basic responsibility of nurses that even precedes their therapeutic role is respect for professional ethics in providing clinical care. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of group reflection on the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Methods The present blinded, before-after, educational trial was conducted on 86 nurses working at a general hospital in the south of Iran who were randomly divided into a intervention (n = 44) and a control (n = 42) group. Data were collected before and after the intervention using three tools, including a knowledge test, an attitude rating scale and a performance questionnaire. In the intervention group, the intervention given consisted of four sessions of group reflection, and the control group received a single lecture on ethical codes. Results The mean changes in the nurses’ score of knowledge after the intervention compared to before differed significantly in both intervention and control groups (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean changes in the score of knowledge (2.73 ± 3.45 in intervention group vs. 2.57 ± 3.36 in control group, P = 0.83). Although the mean score of attitude differed significantly between the intervention and control groups in the posttest (34.7 ± 8.44 in intervention group vs. 29.95 ± 9.09 in control group, P < 0.014), the two groups were not significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the score of attitude in relation to ethical codes before and after the intervention (P < 0.14). Moreover, the two groups were significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the scores of performance in the two stages (9.07 ± 16.84 in intervention group vs. 0.67 ± 20.01 in control group, P < 0.001). Conclusion Group reflection can improve the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Although lectures can help improve nurses’ knowledge and attitude in this area, they have no significant effects on their performance. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No: IRCT2016070317546N6, registration date: 10 October 2016), https://www.irct.ir/trial/16112

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THOUGHT STOPPING ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM OF PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

Journal of Vocational Nursing ◽

10.20473/jovin.v1i1.19907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Sulastri , ◽

Andi Thahir ◽

Rohayati ,

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Total Sample ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

Introduction: A person who has low self-esteem sees the environment in a negative way and considers it a threat. Schizophrenias patients with negative symptoms generally show a feeling of inferiority, this condition is a problem because of the cause of other problems, such as social isolation. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of giving thought stopping to self-esteem people with schizophrenia. Methods : This research uses quantitative approach the method used was the experimental design of pretest-posttest with control design. The population is the patient who was treated at the Custody. Sampling method in this research is by purposive sampling. Total sample is 90 respondents, divided into two groups, Intervention group 30 and control group 60 respondents. Measurement of data with client's self-esteem observation sheets before and after therapy. Results : The result of bivariate analysis was done using t-test obtained by p-value <0,005. There is a significant difference in patient self-esteem in the control group and intervention group after thought stopping. Conclusion: These results suggest there is influence of thought stopping with patient self esteem. Sex, length of illness and treatment history are not confounding factors. It is recommended to use thought stopping as one of the actions of nursing, especially on clients with self esteem problems.

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