Differential effects of high and low strength magnetic fields on mouse embryonic development and vasculogenesis of embryonic stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Bekhite ◽  
Andreas Finkensieper ◽  
Fouad A. Abou-Zaid ◽  
Ibrahim K. El-Shourbagy ◽  
Nabil K. EL-Fiky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Low Strength

Germ line transmission of an inactive N-myc allele generated by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6755-6758
Author(s):  
B R Stanton ◽  
S W Reid ◽  
L F Parada
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Germ Line Transmission

We have disrupted one allele of the N-myc locus in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by using homologous recombination techniques and have obtained germ line transmission of null N-myc ES cell lines with transmission of the null N-myc allele to the offspring. The creation of mice with a deficient N-myc allele will allow the generation of offspring bearing null N-myc alleles in both chromosomes and permit study of the role that this proto-oncogene plays in embryonic development.

scholarly journals BAF Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells and Early Embryonic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Heyao Zhang ◽  
Xuepeng Wang ◽  
Jingsheng Li ◽  
Ronghua Shi ◽  
Ying Ye
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Mouse Escs ◽  
Baf Complex ◽  
Pluripotency Gene ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complexes ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and maintain their pluripotency status. The pluripotency gene regulatory network is critical in controlling these properties and particularly chromatin remodeling complexes. In this review, we summarize the research progresses of the functional and mechanistic studies of BAF complex in mouse ESCs and early embryonic development. A discussion of the mechanistic bases underlying the distinct phenotypes upon the deletion of different BAF subunits in ESCs and embryos will be highlighted.

scholarly journals BRPF3-HUWE1-mediated regulation of MYST2 is required for differentiation and cell-cycle progression in embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3273-3288
Author(s):  
Hye In Cho ◽  
Min Seong Kim ◽  
Jina Lee ◽  
Byong Chul Yoo ◽  
Kyung Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Embryoid Body ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cycle Progression

AbstractBrpf-histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes have important roles in embryonic development and regulating differentiation in ESCs. Among Brpf family, Brpf3 is a scaffold protein of Myst2 histone acetyltransferase complex that plays crucial roles in gene regulation, DNA replication, development as well as maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, its biological functions in ESCs are not elucidated. In this study, we find out that Brpf3 protein level is critical for Myst2 stability and E3 ligase Huwe1 functions as a novel negative regulator of Myst2 via ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Importantly, Brpf3 plays an antagonistic role in Huwe1-mediated degradation of Myst2, suggesting that protein–protein interaction between Brpf3 and Myst2 is required for retaining Myst2 stability. Further, Brpf3 overexpression causes the aberrant upregulation of Myst2 protein levels which in turn induces the dysregulated cell-cycle progression and also delay of early embryonic development processes such as embryoid-body formation and lineage commitment of mouse ESCs. The Brpf3 overexpression-induced phenotypes can be reverted by Huwe1 overexpression. Together, these results may provide novel insights into understanding the functions of Brpf3 in proper differentiation as well as cell-cycle progression of ESCs via regulation of Myst2 stability by obstructing Huwe1-mediated ubiquitination. In addition, we suggest that this is a useful report which sheds light on the function of an unknown gene in ESC field.

scholarly journals Germ line transmission of an inactive N-myc allele generated by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6755-6758 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Stanton ◽  
S W Reid ◽  
L F Parada
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Germ Line Transmission

We have disrupted one allele of the N-myc locus in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by using homologous recombination techniques and have obtained germ line transmission of null N-myc ES cell lines with transmission of the null N-myc allele to the offspring. The creation of mice with a deficient N-myc allele will allow the generation of offspring bearing null N-myc alleles in both chromosomes and permit study of the role that this proto-oncogene plays in embryonic development.

scholarly journals Polyploidy of semi-cloned embryos generated from parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eishi Aizawa ◽  
Charles-Etienne Dumeau ◽  
Remo Freimann ◽  
Giulio Di Minin ◽  
Anton Wutz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Differentially Methylated Regions ◽  
Epigenetic Information ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

AbstractIn mammals, the fusion of two gametes, an oocyte and a spermatozoon, during fertilization forms a totipotent zygote. There has been no reported case of natural parthenogenesis, in which embryos develop from unfertilized oocytes. The genome and epigenetic information of haploid gametes are crucial for the proper development of embryos. Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are unique stem cells established from uniparental blastocysts and possess only one set of chromosomes. Previous studies have shown that sperm or oocyte genome can be replaced by haESCs with or without manipulation of genomic imprinting for generation of mice. Recently, these remarkable semi-cloning methods have been applied for screening of key factors of mouse embryonic development. While haESCs have been applied as substitute of gametic genome, the fundamental mechanism how haESCs contribute to the genome of totipotent embryos is unclear. Here, we show the generation of fertile semi-cloned mice by injection of parthenogenetic haESCs (phaESCs) into oocytes after deletions of two differentially methylated regions (DMRs), the IG-DMR and H19-DMR. For characterizing the genome of semi-cloned embryos further we establish ESC lines from semi-cloned blastocysts. We report that polyploid karyotypes are observed frequently in semi-cloned ESCs (scESCs). Our results confirm that mitotically arrested phaESCs provide high efficiency for semi-cloning when the IG-DMR and H19-DMR are deleted. In addition, we highlight the occurrence of polyploidy that needs to be considered for further improvement for development of semi-cloned embryos derived by haESC injection.

scholarly journals Heat shock induces the depletion of Oct4 in mouse blastocysts and stem cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo-bin Cheng ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Death Associated Protein Kinase ◽  
Oct4 Protein ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway

AbstractTemperature is an important microenvironmental factor that functions epigenetically in normal embryonic development. However, the effect of heat shock in the stem cells is not fully understood. Oct4 is a tightly regulated master regulator of pluripotency maintenance in stem cells and during early embryonic development. We report here that Oct4 protein level was significantly reduced under heat shock in mouse blastocysts and embryonic stem cells. The reduction in Oct4 in the mouse embryonic stem cells under heat shock was mediated by a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that was dependent on the activity of death- associated protein kinase 1 (Dapk1) to phosphorylate its substrate, Pin1. Our results imply that the depletion of Oct4 via brief heat shock, such as a high fever, during early pregnancy might severely impair the growth of the mammalian embryo or even cause its death.

Normal Development and the Beginning of Human Life

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Scott Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stages Of Development

This chapter looks at the beginnings of embryonic development, the function of embryonic stem cells. The development of the human embryo strikes both scientists and laypeople alike with awe and mystery. However, there is no consensus among scientists as to when the fetus becomes a “person.” This chapter will discuss these various stages of development and why different groups of scientists reason that they might be the basis for “personhood.”

Temporal Generation and Molecular Characterization of Functional Hematopoietic Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2352-2352
Author(s):  
Ruben Hoya-Arias ◽  
Ling-Bo Shen ◽  
Ullas Mony ◽  
Elizabeth Peguero ◽  
Benet Pera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Hemogenic Endothelium ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Abstract 2352 Blood is one of the most highly regenerative tissues and is generated by a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Generation of HSCs seems to be restricted during early embryonic development to particular fetal tissues, such as yolk sac, aorta gonad mesonephros (AGM) region and placenta. The competence of HSCs to self-renew and differentiate towards multiple lineages sustains the generation of blood cells for an entire lifespan. Human HSCs are defined by their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation in functional xenotransplantation assays. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into transplantable HSCs continues to be a major challenge in the field. We believe that generation of functional multipotent HSCs from hESC requires an approach that recapitulates early human development both temporally and spatially. Thus, we have developed an innovative in vitro system that mimics the early events of human embryonic development prior to hematopoietic generation; where 1) induction of a single ESC monolayers to mesodermal fate; 2) single cell mesoderm progenitors are placed into a fetal AGM stromal environment under conditions that favor endothelial differentiation; and 3) hematopoietic inductors are added generating single free-floating hematopoietic progenitors in a temporal fashion. We have identified both hemogenic endothelium (adherent) and hematopoietic (non-adherent) cells in the AGM/mesoderm coculture. Hemogenic endothelium defined by expression of VE-Cadherin cocultured on AFT024 fetal liver stromal cells is able to generate hematopoietic precursors. Non-adherent cells start budding up by day 18 in the AGM/mesoderm coculture. Flow cytometry analysis shows that CD31 is the prevalent marker in this floating population. Non-adherent VE-Caherin-CD31+CD34+ cells arising between day 24 till 33 have shown the highest hematopoietic activity as measure by colony forming units (CFU) cells, cobblestone area-forming cell assays (week 4–5 CAFC) and their potential to generate both B and T-cells. Molecular characterization of hemogenic endothelium the non-adherent VE-Caherin-CD31+CD34+ cells by qRT-PCR confirm that also a temporal gene expression is taken place as cells transit from endothelium to hematopoietic cells. VE-Caherin-CD31+CD34+ cells also express CRCX4, suggesting their potential for engrafting in mice models. This novel approach provides a unique opportunity to study the early events and to identify molecular targets in the human hematopoietic commitment, lineage specification, and maturation; these hematopoietic cells may represent a promise for clinical therapies in a diverse range of blood diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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